Influence of alkyl substituents and thermal annealing on the film morphology and performance of solution processed, diketopyrrolopyrrole-based bulk heterojunction solar cells

Tamayo, Arnold; Kent, Tyler; Tantitiwat, Mananya; Dante, Mark; Rogers, James T.; Nguyen, Thuc‐Quyen

doi:10.1039/b912824g

Cited by 80 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Layers in the stacking structure are separated by the PCBM, which can interfere with the nucleation sites of small-molecule crystallites. 20,38,44 This result is consistent with the absorption spectra in Figure 3a, where the suppression of the peak at 707 nm was due to disruption of donor packing after the addition of the fullerene. In addition, SMD layers are stacked in a random way azimuthally because the shape of the diffraction peak is very asymmetric.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For the device prepared from the SMD:PCBM binary blend system, we obtained a value of V oc of 0.73 V (Table 1), consistent with literature reports. 37,38 Device performance of the binary BDT6T:PCBM blend system is shown in Figure S2 and Table S2, which is consistent with a previous study where V oc has value of 0.90 V. 34 25,40 Therefore, the charge transfer state energy and, consequently, the value of V oc of the ternary blend changes as the ratio of either the donors or acceptors is changed. This phenomenon allows higher values of V oc in ternary D/D/A systems than are possible in binary D/A systems.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Synergistic Effects of Morphological Control and Complementary Absorption in Efficient All-Small-Molecule Ternary-Blend Solar Cells

Farahat

Patra

Lee

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this study, we combined two small-molecule donors-a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small molecule (SMD) and a benzodithiophene-based molecule (BDT6T)-with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) to form ternary blend solar cells. The power conversion efficiency of the binary SMD:PC61BM bulk heterojunction solar cell improved from 4.57 to 6.28% after adding an appropriate amount BDT6T as a guest. We attribute this 37% improvement in device performance to the complementary absorption behavior of BDT6T and SMD, as evidenced by the increase in the short circuit current. After addition of BDT6T to form the ternary blend, the crystallinity and morphology of the active layer were enhanced. For example, the features observed in the ternary active layers were finer than those in the binary blends. This means that BDT6T as a third component in the ternary blend has effective role on both the absorption and the morphology. In addition, adding BDT6T to form the ternary blend also led to an increase in the open-circuit voltage. Our findings suggest that the preparation of such simple all-small-molecule ternary blends can be an effective means of improving the efficiency of photovoltaic devices.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Synergistic Effects of Morphological Control and Complementary Absorption in Efficient All-Small-Molecule Ternary-Blend Solar Cells

Farahat

Patra

Lee

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…By comparing SIMEF‐1 with SIMEF‐2, we can see that DPP crystalizes better with SIMEF‐2. It is known that the structures of acceptor species affect the crystallinity of DPP greatly . SIMEF‐2 has a methoxy group that brings about asymmetry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Open‐Circuit Voltage by Using the 58‐π Silylmethyl Fullerenes in Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Jeon

Delacou

Nakagawa

2016

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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The application of 58-π-1,4-bis(silylmethyl)[60]fullerenes, C60 (CH2 SiMe2 Ph)(CH2 SiMe2 Ar) (Ar=Ph and 2-methoxylphenyl for SIMEF-1 and SIMEF-2, respectively), in small-molecule organic solar cells with a diketopyrrolopyrrole donor (3,6-bis[5-(benzofuran-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP(TBFu)2 )) is demonstrated. With the 58-π-silylmethyl fullerene acceptor, SIMEF-1, the devices showed the highest efficiency of 4.57 % with an average of 4.10 %. They manifested an improved open-circuit voltage (1.03 V) owing to the high-lying LUMO level of SIMEF-1, while maintaining a high short-circuit density (9.91 mA cm(-2) ) through controlling the crystallinity of DPP by thermal treatment. On the other hand, despite even higher open-circuit voltage (1.05 V), SIMEF-2-based devices showed lower performances of 3.53 %, owing to a low short-circuit current density (8.33 mA cm(-2) ) and fill factor (0.40) arising from the asymmetric structure, which results in a lower mobility and immiscibility.

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“…Small‐molecule‐based organic photovoltaics (SM‐OPVs) have several advantages over polymer solar cells. Firstly, the chemical and physical properties of small‐molecule semiconductors are typically reproducible because their molecular structures are monodisperse and well‐defined . Secondly, the energy levels of small‐molecule organic semiconductors can be relatively easily controlled by slightly modifying their chemical structures .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Trap‐Assisted Recombination in Small Organic Molecule‐Based Photovoltaics by the Addition of a Conjugated Block Copolymer

Cho

Kim²,

Yoon

et al. 2017

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on the small-molecule organic semiconductor p-DTS(FBTTh ) is greatly improved by the addition of a conjugated block copolymer composed of difluoroquinoxaline and thienopyrrolodione blocks (D130). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the p-DTS(FBTTh ) -based OPV is improved from 5.08% to 6.75% by the addition of 5 wt% D130 to the photoactive layer, which is composed of p-DTS(FBTTh ) and a fullerene derivative. Current-voltage and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analyses revealed that the addition of D130 significantly reduces the trap density of the device and changes the packing orientation of p-DTS(FBTTh ) from mostly edge-on to partially face-on. These changes greatly improve the charge carrier mobility of the OPV, indicating that D130 is highly compatible with p-DTS(FBTTh ) . Furthermore, the addition of D130 improve the photostability of the OPV by reducing the burn-in loss under a light soaking intensity of 1 sun. The D130-based OPV maintained 34% of its initial PCE after a light soaking test for 858 h. In contrast, the PCE of the OPV without D130 reduced to 14% of its initial efficiency in the same time period.

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Influence of alkyl substituents and thermal annealing on the film morphology and performance of solution processed, diketopyrrolopyrrole-based bulk heterojunction solar cells

Cited by 80 publications

References 34 publications

Synergistic Effects of Morphological Control and Complementary Absorption in Efficient All-Small-Molecule Ternary-Blend Solar Cells

Synergistic Effects of Morphological Control and Complementary Absorption in Efficient All-Small-Molecule Ternary-Blend Solar Cells

Enhancement of Open‐Circuit Voltage by Using the 58‐π Silylmethyl Fullerenes in Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Reducing Trap‐Assisted Recombination in Small Organic Molecule‐Based Photovoltaics by the Addition of a Conjugated Block Copolymer

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