Influence of Ageing and Contamination of Polymer Quenchants on Cooling Characteristics

Troell, Eva; Kristoffersen, Hans

doi:10.1007/s00501-010-0546-y

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Another relevant aspect is that the viscosity values are not stable and tend to decrease as the polymeric solution is used for cooling. Thus, viscosities decrease with each quenching cycle, increasing the cooling capacity of the fluid 18 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the characteristics of an AISI 1045 steel quenched in different concentration of polymer solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone

Vieira

Biehl

Medeiros

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Quench hardening aims at the microstructural transformation of steels in order to improve hardness and mechanical strength. The aim phase is, in most cases, the martensite. It is necessary to heat the material until it obtains its austenitization and quenching by immersion in a fluid. Currently, it is common to use watery polymeric solutions in this procedure. These fluids, which are the mixture of polymers in water, vary their thermal exchange capacity depending on the concentrations applied. The increase in concentration minimizes the removal of heat from the part, reducing the formation capacity of martensite, and developing a lower hardness and strong steel. In this work, microstructural characteristics and properties of AISI 1045 steel quenched in solutions based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in 10, 15, 20, and 25% concentration were evaluated. The microstructural characterization quantified the percentage of the phases in each concentration, demonstrating a reduction of martensite as the concentrations were high. The investigation of the samples by x-ray diffraction confirmed the absence of austenite retained in the material. Furthermore, a microhardness scale between the core and the surface was constructed, in which a reduction gradient of the indices of this property towards the core of the sample was evidenced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the characteristics of an AISI 1045 steel quenched in different concentration of polymer solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone

Vieira

Biehl

Medeiros

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A great flexibility of cooling characteristics is possible by selecting the type of polymer, polymer concentration, bath temperature, and agitation; so that a range of cooling rates is realized, enabling a wide variety of materials to be quenched ( Ref 19,20). For a polymer quenchant, the quenching characteristics are also influenced by thermal degradation, contamination, and drag-out ( Ref 19,21).…”

Section: Aqueous Polymer Solutions Used As Cooling Media and Their Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Characteristic of Polymeric Quenchant: Calculation of HTC and Prediction of Microstructure and Hardness

Ikkene

Koudil

MOUZALI

2014

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The present paper discusses the influence of experimental conditions on the quenching performance of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) aqueous solutions used as cooling medium, using a standard ISO Inconel alloy probe for measurements of cooling rate. The evaluation procedure is demonstrated on characterization of cooling power of water-based polymer (PEOX) solutions by using different concentration, temperatures, and agitation conditions of the cooling media. The results show that the different experimental conditions have a significant effect on the cooling performance. The polymer quenching mechanism and the comparative cooling characteristics of water, and water-based PEOX polymer solution with concentrations from 2.5 to 15 wt.% were discussed. The study involved the assessment of the quenching severity by calculating the hardening power (HP) via empirical equations. Calculation of heat transfer coefficients as well as prediction of microstructural constituents and the hardness profile in a cross-section of steel sample were carried out on the basis of inverse calculation from the recorded cooling curve.

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“…Over the following years, several projects were carried out in the equipment described above [4][5][6][7]. Examples of some of the results are given here.…”

Section: Cold Chamber Gas Cooling For Lowpollution Hardeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quenching for the Future—In Memoriam of Sören Segerberg

Troell

2023

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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Sören Segerberg passed away on July 27, 2021 at the age of 78. Born in 1943 he graduated from Materials Science and Engineering at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1968 with a degree in metallurgical science. Sören Segerberg was a leading expert in the quenching area. From 1979 on and the next 25 years, he worked in research and development at the Institute for Engineering Technology Research (IVF, today RISE) in Gothenburg, Sweden. He was one of the initiators of the development and sale of IVF’s Quenchotest/ivf SmartQuench, an equipment for quality control of cooling curve measurement. He was also a contributor in the development of ASTM D6200 and ISO 9950.During his time at RISE, many projects in the field of quenching were carried out involving cooling characteristics of quenchants, classification of quench oils and polymers as well as correlation between quenching characteristics of quenching media and hardness. In the early 90s, one focus lay on environmental adapted quenchants and methods. The work included spray-quenching with e.g. water/air-mixtures, fluidized bed and, of course, cooling in gas. The latter was an extensive part of the work, also including an equipment with an atmospheric furnace connected to a cold high-pressure gas cooling chamber.Pressures up to 40 bar helium and up to 10 bar with nitrogen could be used. The aim was to study whether gas cooling could be used as an environmental adapted replacement for oil or salt cooling. Today the use of cooling in gas has substantially increased and has proven to be a sustainable alternative to liquid quenching, especially oils.

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Influence of Ageing and Contamination of Polymer Quenchants on Cooling Characteristics

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluation of the characteristics of an AISI 1045 steel quenched in different concentration of polymer solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone

Evaluation of the characteristics of an AISI 1045 steel quenched in different concentration of polymer solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone

Cooling Characteristic of Polymeric Quenchant: Calculation of HTC and Prediction of Microstructure and Hardness

Quenching for the Future—In Memoriam of Sören Segerberg

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