Influence of Age, Sex, and Method of Rearing on Tibia Length and Mineral Deposition in Broilers

Bond, P. L.; Sullivan, T. W.; Douglas, J. H.; Robeson, L. G.

doi:10.3382/ps.0701936

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Rose et al (1996) confirmaram esta observação por não terem observado diferenças no peso, volume e comprimento ósseo até os 26 dias de idade, mas foram bastante evidentes aos 42 dias. O mesmo foi observado por Bond et al (1991), que não notaram diferenças no tamanho das tíbias em 7 semanas de idade, mas observaram diferentes nos animais adultos. Entretanto, para a AST e área da córtex óssea, Rose et al (1996) confirmaram o dimorfismo sexual desde o nascimento.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Avaliação da qualidade óssea mediante parâmetros morfométricos, bioquímicos e biomecânicos em frangos de corte

et al. 2010

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se determinar aspectos bioquímicos, morfométricos e biomecânicos dos fêmures de frangos de corte. Utilizaram-se 600 pintos de 1 dia de idade, machos e fêmeas, de três híbridos (Hb1 e Hb2 -UFV e Hb3 -comercial).As aves foram alimentadas à vontade com rações para as fases inicial (1 a 21 dias), de crescimento (22 a 35 dias) e final (36 a 42 dias). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, composto de três cruzamentos e dois sexos, cinco repetições e dez aves por unidade experimental (boxe). Avaliaram-se no fêmur o peso, o comprimento, a área da seção transversal, o momento de inércia, a carga máxima na flexão, a tenacidade e resistência à flexão, o conteúdo de proteínas colagenosas e não-colagenosas e o peso vivo das aves. Aos 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias de idade, foram amostrados aleatoriamente um macho e uma fêmea por boxe, num total de cinco boxes por híbrido. Entre híbridos, Hb3 apresentou maior peso vivo em todas as idades e, entre sexos, os machos foram mais pesados. A força máxima na flexão foi maior para os machos e, para os híbridos, Hb3 foi maior que Hb1 e igual a Hb2 aos 42 dias. O piores resultados de tenacidade e resistência à flexão foram observados nos machos híbridos Hb2, que não diferiram dos Hb3 quanto à resistência à flexão aos 42 dias nem quanto à tenacidade medida em todas as idades, o que caracteriza baixa qualidade óssea dos híbridos Hb3 e machos. Devem-se considerar aspectos biomecânicos como tenacidade e resistência à flexão para corrigir e evitar o aparecimento das desordens ósseas provenientes do aumento de peso em frangos de corte.Palavras-chave: fêmur, híbridos, minerais, sexoEvaluation of bony quality through biochemical, morphometrics and biomechanical aspects of broilers ABSTRACT -The objective of the experiment was to determine the biochemical, morphometrics and biomechanical aspects of femur bones of broilers. It was used six hundred male and female broilers at one day of age from three different lines (Hb1 and Hb2 -UFV and Hb3 -commercial). They were fed ad libitum on starter (1 to 21 days), grower (22 to 35 days) and finisher (36 to 42 days) rations. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement 3 × 2 (three lines and two sexes) with 5 replicates and 10 birds per experimental unit (box). The weight, length, cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, maximum load, modulus of elasticity, bending strength, collagenous and non collagenous proteins and body weight of the broilers were evaluated in the femur. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age, one male and one female of each line were randomly selected per box, in a total of five boxes per line. Among lines, Hb3 presented higher superior body weight in all ages, and among sexes, the males were heavier. The strength of maximum load was higher for the males and lines HB3 was higher than HB1and equal to HB2 at 42 days of age. The worst results of elasticity and bending strength at 42 days of age were observed in males from line HB2, which did not differ fro...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Avaliação da qualidade óssea mediante parâmetros morfométricos, bioquímicos e biomecânicos em frangos de corte

et al. 2010

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“…Studies have shown that the weight of the tibia of male chicks is higher than that of females (Bond et al, 1991;Yalcin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Bone Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Growth and Mineralization of the Femur, Tibia, and Metatarsus of Broiler Chicks

Han

Wang

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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This study aimed at comparing the growth and mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus of male and female broiler chicks. On the day of hatch, 100 male and 100 female Ross 308 broiler chicks were transferred stainless cages with 10 birds per cage. On d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, five males and five females were sacrificed and their femur, tibia, and metatarsus were collected. Results showed that the tibia was the heaviest and the longest and contained the highest content of ash and calcium (Ca) among the three leg bones. The femur had the greatest diameter. The weight, length, diameter, and ash weight of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus linearly increased with age. The ash, Ca, and phosphorus (P) content in the femur and the tibia quadratically increased with age; by contrast, these parameters in the metatarsus linearly increased with age. The bones grew faster in 1 to 21 d of age. The weight, diameter, and ash weight of the three bones of males were higher than those of females. The Ca to P ratio of the three bones (femur, tibia, and metatarsus) was approximately 2.0:1. These data indicate that there are differences in bone growth and mineralization among the femur, tibia, and metatarsus of male or female broiler chicks.

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“…Broiler and jungle fowl chicks exhibit similar ontogenetic patterns of organ growth. We have compared our measurements of jungle fowl organs (Jackson and Diamond 1995) with published measurements of broiler organs (Dror et al 1977;Pinchasov et al 1985;Bond et al 1991;Nitsan et al 1991b). In general, metabolically active organs that supply energy to the rest of the bird-the liver, pancreas, lungs, heart, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, and all regions of the small intestine-increase in relative mass in the first week or two after hatching, followed by relative decreases.…”

Section: Comparisons Between Broilers and Jungle Fowlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for these two surges in broilers, activities of both the glucose and the proline transporter, in all three intestinal regions, at most ages, are actually higher in jungle fowl than in broilers. Twoway ANOVAs for each nutrient, with strain and age as the main effects, showed that the strains differ overall in duo- Pinchasov et al (1985), and Bond et al (1991), jungle fowl data from Jackson and Diamond (1995). Straight lines are the lines of best fit from least-squares regression analyses.…”

Section: Intestinal Nutrient Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic and Digestive Responses to Artificial Selection in Chickens

Jackson

Diamond

1996

Evolution

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Abstract,-Compared to ancestral wild jungle fowl, domestic broiler chickens have been consciously selected for large body size, relatively large pectoral muscles, rapid growth, and high feed efficiency. Hence intraspecific comparisons of these two strains could help identify consequences of unconscious artificial selection, trade-offs in energy allocation, and factors limiting energy budgets. We therefore compared our measurements of many corresponding parameters in both strains: growth rate, energy intake, digestive efficiency, metabolic rate and its components, organ masses, and intestinal brush-border nutrient transporter and hydrolase activities and capacities, as functions of age and body mass in zero-to nine-week-old chicks.Both strains prove to have the same digestive efficiency, Compared to equal-sized jungle fowl, broilers have higher daily energy intake and activity costs, Broilers have relatively longer and wider, hence heavier, small intestines, and their other gut compartments are also relatively larger. Offsetting these increases, broilers have relatively smaller brains and leg bones, these being much less important to a captive bird than to a wild bird exposed to predators. Broilers have generally lower intestinal transporter activities, but relatively higher transporter capacities because of their larger guts.Among domestic chicken strains, comparison of broilers with layers, the former having been consciously selected for much higher growth rates, yields generally similar conclusions. Thus, as recognized in broad outline by Darwin, domestication provides clear examples of conscious selection, of unconscious selection for traits prerequisite to the consciously selected traits, and of unconscious selection against traits rendered less important or competing for space or energy.Key words.-Conscious selection, domestication, energy budget, growth rate, intestinal transporters, metabolic rate, organ mass, unconscious selection.Received September 27, 1994, Accepted August 22, 1995 Changes of wild populations under domestication illustrate so well the effects of selection that Darwin (1859) devoted the first chapter of his book The Origin of Species to the subject. Many subsequent comparisons of animal domesticates with their wild ancestors have discussed effects of artificial selection on anatomical traits and behavior. In the present manuscript we instead discuss effects on the physiology of growth, metabolism, energy budgets, and digestion. As is well known, these processes differ widely among taxa (Kleiber 1965;Heusner 1985). Artificial selection provides us with an opportunity to identify physiological factors immediately responsible for variation in energy budgets, without the inevitable confounding effects of phylogeny. It may prove easier to identify those physiological factors by comparing fast-and slow-growing strains of the same wild ancestral species, expected to differ in only a modest number of respects, than by comparing more distantly related taxa. For example, such intraspecific compar...

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Influence of Age, Sex, and Method of Rearing on Tibia Length and Mineral Deposition in Broilers

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

Avaliação da qualidade óssea mediante parâmetros morfométricos, bioquímicos e biomecânicos em frangos de corte

Avaliação da qualidade óssea mediante parâmetros morfométricos, bioquímicos e biomecânicos em frangos de corte

Comparison of the Growth and Mineralization of the Femur, Tibia, and Metatarsus of Broiler Chicks

Metabolic and Digestive Responses to Artificial Selection in Chickens

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