Influence of Age of Mice on the Recovery from Experimental Sendai Virus Infection

Sawicki, L

doi:10.1038/1921258a0

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, the fetus may be capable of limiting or terminating infection and it has been suggested that interferon may be involved in this process (Mims, 1968;Rawls, 1968). However, there have been few studies on human fetal interferon production, although it has been shown that young chick and mouse embryo cells produce less interferon than older ones (Isaacs & Baron, 1960;Sawicki, 1961;Heineberg, Gold & Robbins, 1964). Our studies suggest that the fetus is capable of producing from an early gestational age a substance which has the physical properties of interferon, but this response does not increase as the fetus matures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Further studies on the growth of rubella virus in human embryonic organ cultures: preliminary observations on interferon production in these cultures

Best

Banatvala

Smith

1971

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYOrgan cultures prepared from 15 different organs obtained from 43 fetuses were consistently found to support the growth of rubella virus, irrespective of the gestational age of the fetus or the strain of rubella virus inoculated. Although rubella virus replicated in fetal lenses, adult lenses did not support the growth of rubella virus. Organs obtained from four fetuses between 8 and 17 weeks gestational age produced similar titres of an inhibitor which had the characteristics of interferon. The use of Trowell T8 medium and incubation in a mixture of 5 % CO2 in oxygen provided the most suitable conditions for the maintenance of most organ cultures. Under these circumstances it was possible to obtain adequate histological preparations from these organs, but light microscopy studies revealed no significant differences in sections of rubella inoculated and control organ cultures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Further studies on the growth of rubella virus in human embryonic organ cultures: preliminary observations on interferon production in these cultures

Best

Banatvala

Smith

1971

J. Hyg.

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“…It seems unlikely that resistance observed at the short time interval of 24 hours might involve any immune defenee mechanisms. As a non-immunological factor interferon possibly can play a role in induction of resistance (3,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of mice against virulent virus infection by a temperature-sensitive mutant derived from an HVJ (Sendai virus) carrier culture

Kimura

Aoki

Shimokata

et al. 1979

Archives of Virology

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Experimental infection with HVJ (haemagglutinating virus of Japan-the Sendai strain of parainfluenza 1 virus) in mice was studied. Aerosol infection of newborn mice with the wild-type virus (HVJ-W) retarded the development of body weight and killed the animals within a few weeks. Large amounts of virus were isolated from both the lungs and the nasal turbinates of infected mice. In contrast, newborn mice exposed by inhalation to a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant (HVJ-pB) derived from an HVJ carrier culture showed no clinical signs and grew equally well as mock-infected animals. No infectious virus could be recovered from the lungs although the ts mutant grew to moderate titre in the nasal turbinates. The prior inoculation of newborn mice with the ts mutant virus induced a state of significant resistance to subsequent challenge with the virulent wild-type virus. No replication of challenge virus in both lungs and nasal turbinates could be detected and the animals were protected a lethal infection. It is suggested that an avirulent temperature-sensitive mutant which has lost the capacity to replicate in the lower respiratory tract but is still capable of multiplying in the nasal turbinates may be a promising candidate for use in live vaccines especially against the infectious disease of the lower respiratory tract.

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“…Numerous investigators have examined the relationship between the age of a given host and its susceptibility to various infectious agents (20). Sawicki (16,17) found prolonged shedding when paramyxovirus was given to the infant mouse. Several investigators have looked at lethal influenza infection in the young animal (3,5,12,19,23), but none have studied the characteristics of nonlethal influenza infection in the young animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Infection in the Infant Mouse

1983

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SummaryA nonlethal influenza infection [A/PC/1/73 (H3Nz)l was given to infant mice to determine (1) the pathology of tracheal epithelium and lung, (2) the time course of viral shedding from the nose and lung, and (3) the subsequent development of protective immunity during adulthood.Both desquamation of the tracheal epithelium and lung pathology similar to that described in adults after influenza infection were observed in the infant. Animals infected at 3 days of age show virus shedding in 12 of 13 infant mice that persists for at least 2 days longer than in the adult. This longer duration of influenza infection did not result from either malnutrition or from intralitter transmission of virus. Recovery from virus shedding in both the upper and lower airway occurred in the absence of detectable serum antibody in six of seven mice. Infants that recover from infection, when rechallenged during adulthood, manifest complete protection in 11 of 13 mice after nonlethal challenge and no mortality after lethal challenge. Abbreviations EID50, egg infectious dose 50% MID50, mouse infectious dose 50% MLD5,, mouse lethal dose 50% NK, natural killer Influenza infection is responsible for producing significant morbidity and mortality in the human infant (4,14). The pathology of influenza disease in the adult mouse corresponds to influenza in human adults (22). This suggests that the young mouse might be a good model for studying factors responsible for the severity of influenza in the infant human. Although studies of lethal influenza infection of infant animals have been reported (3,5,12,19,23), the suitability of the infant mouse as a model for nonlethal influenza infection in the newborn has not been reported. We therefore undertook the present study to determine (1) the pathology of influenza infection, (2) recovery from influenza virus shedding, and (3) the development of subsequent protective immunity against influenza in the infant mouse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals.Eight to ten-week-old, inbred Swiss white mice of the A/J strain were obtained from Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME. These animals were housed and bred in the animal facilities of the College of Medicine, University of Florida. All experimental and control mice were housed in the same environment and treated similarly.Breeding. Eight female mice were housed per cage and separated from male mice for at least 1 wk before breeding. At the time of mating no more than two female mice were placed in each cage containing one male. Males were removed at the end of 4 days. Two weeks later, pregnant females were isolated in individual cages. Approximately 20% of mothers would deliver on each of 2 days, 21 days after the 4-day breeding period.Virus. A/Port Chalmers/l/73 (A/PC/1/73 H3N2) influenza virus was originally obtained from the Research Resources Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease. This was passaged multiple times in eggs to provide a large stock of virus that contained EID50/ml. This virus was also passaged six times in mouse ...

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Influence of Age of Mice on the Recovery from Experimental Sendai Virus Infection

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Further studies on the growth of rubella virus in human embryonic organ cultures: preliminary observations on interferon production in these cultures

Further studies on the growth of rubella virus in human embryonic organ cultures: preliminary observations on interferon production in these cultures

Protection of mice against virulent virus infection by a temperature-sensitive mutant derived from an HVJ (Sendai virus) carrier culture

Influenza Infection in the Infant Mouse

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