Influence of age as a continuous variable on the prognosis of patients with pT1-2N1 breast cancer

Zhao, Xueying; Tang, Yu; Wu, Hong-Fen; Guo, Qishuai; Zhang, Yujing; Shi, Mei; Cheng, Jing; Wang, Hongmei; Liu, Min; Ma, C; Wen, Ge; Wang, Xiaohu; Fang, Hui; Hao, Jing; Song, Yang; Jin, Jing; Liu, Yueping; Chen, Bin; Qi, Shunan; Li, Ning; Tang, Yuan; Liu, Ningning; Zhang, Na; Li, Yexiong; Wang, Shulian

doi:10.1016/j.breast.2022.08.005

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used Cox proportional hazards regression models with penalized splines to calculate HRs and 95% CI for the association between menopausal age as a continuous variable and all-cause mortality. 31 Also, nonparametric regression with smoothing splines was used to visually depict the association between age at menopause and lifespan in deceased participants. 28,32 With this method, the mean lifespan at a specified age at menopause can be estimated without regard to the association between the independent and dependent variables, preventing errors in model specification.…”

Section: Xing and Kirbymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age at natural or surgical menopause, all-cause mortality, and lifespan among postmenopausal women in the United States

Xing,

Kirby

2024

Menopause

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Objective This study investigated the association of age at natural menopause with or without undergoing hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy after menopause and age at surgical menopause with all-cause mortality and lifespan in postmenopausal women. Methods The data stemmed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2018) and NHANES III (1988-1994), including 14,161 postmenopausal women over 40. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]). We also used Cox proportional hazard models with penalized splines to depict the association between continuous age at menopause and all-cause mortality and nonparametric regression with smoothing splines to illustrate the association between age at menopause and lifespan in deceased participants. Results The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for age at natural menopause of <40, 40 to 44, and 55+ years in women without undergoing hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy after menopause were 1.48 (1.15-1.91), 1.16 (1.00-1.35), and 0.91 (0.77-1.07) compared with age at natural menopause of 45 to 54, respectively. The respective HRs (95% CIs) for age at surgical menopause were 1.39 (1.11-1.75), 1.09 (0.86-1.38), and 0.83 (0.53-1.32). However, no significant association was found between age at natural menopause and all-cause mortality among women undergoing hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy after menopause. When treated as continuous variables, age at natural menopause without undergoing hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy after menopause presented inverse and nonlinear associations with all-cause mortality, whereas age at surgical menopause was linearly inversely associated with all-cause mortality. The association between age at menopause and lifespan was linearly positive regardless of menopausal type. Conclusion Young age at menopause was associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality. The later menopause age was related to a longer lifespan.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%