Influence of additives on the synthesis of carbonyl iron suspension on rheological and sedimentation properties of magnetorheological (MR) fluids

Aruna, M.; Rahman, Muneeb-Ur; Joladarashi, Sharnappa; Kumar, Hemantha

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ab1e03

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The enhancement in dynamic and static τ y was determined to be due to the formation of a gel network in the sepiolite–oil mixture. The authors hypothesized that the addition of sepiolite particles increases the distance and decreases the magnetic attraction between Fe particles Similarly, Aruna et al [ 134 ] studied the effects of three different clay additives: claytone APA (C1), garamite‐1958 (C2), or baragell 10 (C3) in PAO with molyvan 855 as an antifriction agent (MRFC1, MRFC2, and MRFC3). In the presence of magnetic field, the highest maximum shear stress of MRFs was exhibited in the absence of additives (12 kPa), whereas that of MRFC1, MRFC2, and MRFC3 were 7.8, 8.4, and 8.2 kPa, respectively, at 0.7 T. The sedimentation rate of MRF in the absence of additives, MRFC1, MRFC2, and MRFC2, was found to be 86%, 97%, 98%, and 92%, respectively, after 29 days, indicating an increase in the sedimentation stability in the presence of clay additives.…”

Section: With Additives‐based Mrfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Stability of Magnetorheological Fluids—A Detailed Review of the State of the Art

Thiagarajan

Koh

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) are functional materials, prepared by dispersing magnetic particles in a nonmagnetic carrier fluid, that exhibit a change in mechanical properties (e.g., increase in viscosity and yield stress) when subjected to a magnetic field. Change in mechanical properties is demonstrated by a fast (i.e., fraction of milliseconds) and reversible transition from a liquid‐ to a solid‐like state. This transition, due to a structural reorganization of magnetic particles in the carrier fluid, makes MRFs a valuable material for damping, breaking systems, medical and prosthetics, and robotics. Since the discovery of MRFs in 1948, developing MRF preparation methods that result in improved performance and the storage without oxidation and settling is paramount. This article presents a review on recent developments in the preparation process of MRFs with a special emphasis on the state of the art in additives and coatings used in enhancing MRF chemical, colloidal, and thermal stability. Recent advances in MRF materials and formulations that have increased yield stress and magnetic properties are discussed. Finally, this review analyses the present‐day challenges in MRF research and makes suggestions for the field to improve MRF stability and performance drawing on previous MRF work and work outside of the fields.

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Section: With Additives‐based Mrfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Stability of Magnetorheological Fluids—A Detailed Review of the State of the Art

Thiagarajan

Koh

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Figure 5c shows the raw Claytone APA with an agglomerated structure with a surface abundant in folds. Figure 5d shows that the Claytone APA occupies the interspaces between the CIPs or is attached to the CIPs, which reduces the sedimentation rate of the Claytone APA-based MRFs [35]. Figure 7 shows the magnetization versus applied magnetic field (M vs. H) curve of the CIPs and CIPs/Claytone APAbased MRFs, which were measured using the vibrating sample magnetometer in the applied magnetic field varying from − 15,000 to 15,000 (Oe) at room temperature.…”

Section: Damper Test Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of sedimentation, rheological, and damping force characteristics of carbonyl iron magnetorheological fluid with/without additives

Aruna

Rahman

Joladarashi

et al. 2020

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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In the present study, the magnetorheological fluid (MRF) samples are prepared using pure carbonyl iron particles (CIPs), CIPs/Claytone APA/Molyvan 855 additive, and friction reducer dispersed in poly-alpha-olefin oil. The scanning electron microscopy reveals that the Claytone additive morphology looks like a surface abundant in small folds, which connect the gaps between the spherical pure CIPs and prevent sedimentation in the MRF. The magnetic saturation properties are investigated through the vibrating sample magnetometer. The pure CIPs MRF shows (M s) value as 146.12 emu/g, and the CIPs/ Claytone APA/Molyvan indicates (M s) as 55.12 emu/g. The magnetorheological flow curves, such as shear stress and viscosity as a function of shear rate, are investigated for the MRF samples through the magnetorheometer. The sedimentation analysis of the MRF is observed by visual inspection and shows that the CIPs/Claytone APA/Molyvan improved the sedimentation rate than the pure CIPs MRF. Finally, the experimental characterization of the prototype monotube MR damper is carried out using the hydraulic dynamic testing machine at 1.5 Hz frequency for damper peak-peak displacement length of ± 5 mm at three intervals of 0 h, 24 h, and 72 h in damper to know the effect on damping force for the prepared MRF samples against the sedimentation rate.

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“…As for the MR materials, a large number of magnetic particles have been adopted, such as carbonyl iron (CI), cobalt ferrite, zinc ferrite, MnFe 2 O 4 , maghemite, and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). ,− In particular, Fe 3 O 4 particles with various morphologies have been widely studied as MR materials because they have soft magnetic properties, sufficient saturation magnetization ( M s ), a lower density compared to other magnetic materials, and can be easily synthesized. − Furthermore, it is well-known that the morphology of materials critically affects the ER and MR properties . Majority of the ER and MR mechanisms are based on the fact that the constituent particles are spherical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core–Shell Structured Magnetite-Poly(diphenylamine) Microspheres and Their Tunable Dual Response under Magnetic and Electric Fields

2021

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Core−shell type poly(diphenylamine)-coated magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 −PDPA) microspheres were designed and adopted as a novel actively tunable smart material which is responsive under both electric and magnetic fields. Their morphology, chemical structure, crystalline structure, and thermal properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and a thermal gravimetric analyzer. Their magnetic and dielectric properties were determined using vibrating-sample magnetometer and an LCR meter, respectively. They were dispersed in silicone oil and their electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) responses under the electric and magnetic fields, respectively, were examined. The formation of chain structure of Fe 3 O 4 −PDPA based E/MR fluid under the application of electric field or magnetic field was observed by an optical microscopy and the sedimentation stability was observed by a Turbiscan optical analyzer system. It was observed that the yield stress, ER efficiency, and leakage current density increased with an increase in the particle concentration, while the slope of the electric field-dependent yield stress decreased. Several models such as the Bingham model, Herschel−Bulkley model, and Cho− Choi−Jhon equations were used to describe the shear stress curves of the ER fluid; the curves fitted well. For the dielectric properties, the two types of ER fluids tested displayed the same relaxation time and distribution; however, the one with the higher concentration had a higher dielectric constant and polarizability. The Fe 3 O 4 −PDPA based MR fluid (10 vol %) exhibited typical MR properties. In addition, the Herschel−Bulkley model matched well with the shear stress curves under a magnetic field.

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Influence of additives on the synthesis of carbonyl iron suspension on rheological and sedimentation properties of magnetorheological (MR) fluids

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Performance and Stability of Magnetorheological Fluids—A Detailed Review of the State of the Art

Performance and Stability of Magnetorheological Fluids—A Detailed Review of the State of the Art

Investigation of sedimentation, rheological, and damping force characteristics of carbonyl iron magnetorheological fluid with/without additives

Core–Shell Structured Magnetite-Poly(diphenylamine) Microspheres and Their Tunable Dual Response under Magnetic and Electric Fields

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