Influence of Adding Low Concentration of Oxygenates in Mineral Diesel Oil and Biodiesel on the Concentration of NO, NO2 and Particulate Matter in the Exhaust Gas of a One-Cylinder Diesel Generator

Abstract

Air quality currently poses a major risk to human health worldwide. Transportation is one of the principal contributors to air pollution due to the quality of exhaust gases. For example, the widely used diesel fuel is a significant source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). To reduce the content NOx and PM, different oxygenated compounds were mixed into a mineral diesel available at the pump, and their effect on the composition of exhaust gas emissions was measured using a one-cylinder diesel generator. In this setup, adding methanol gave the best relative results. The addition of 2000 ppm of methanol decreased the content of NO by 56%, 2000 ppm of isopropanol decreased NO2 by 50%, and 2000 ppm ethanol decreased PM by 63%. An interesting question is whether it is possible to reduce the impact of hazardous components in the exhaust gas even more by adding oxygenates to biodiesels. In this article, alcohol is added to biodiesel in order to establish the impact on PM and NOx concentrations in the exhaust gases. Adding methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol at concentrations of 2000 ppm and 4000 ppm did not improve NOx emissions. The best results were using pure RME for a low NO content, pure diesel for a low NO2 content, and for PM there were no statistically significant differences.

Improved NO2 Gas-Sensing Performance of an Organic Field-Effect Transistor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Nanoporous Conjugated Polymer Thin Films

“…As concerns regarding environmental pollution and chemical accidents increase, there is a need for chemical sensors capable of detecting a very small quantity of chemical vapors. In particular, accidents caused by leaks of toxic gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ammonia, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide cause serious damage to the environment and human respiratory system. − Among the various toxic gases, NO 2 is a lethal air pollutant that is emitted in large quantities through various emission sources such as fossil fuel combustion, automobile exhaust gas emissions, and engines. , Indeed, low NO 2 concentrations (∼10 ppm) cause nasal and throat pain, eye irritation, and nausea, , while higher concentrations (>100 ppm) cause pulmonary edema, bronchospasms, and asthma; moreover, prolonged NO 2 gas exposure can even lead to death. , Therefore, there is a strong need for developing a high-performance gas sensor capable of effectively detecting a low concentration of NO 2 gas.…”

“…1−5 Among the various toxic gases, NO 2 is a lethal air pollutant that is emitted in large quantities through various emission sources such as fossil fuel combustion, automobile exhaust gas emissions, and engines. 6,7 Indeed, low NO 2 concentrations (∼10 ppm) cause nasal and throat pain, eye irritation, and nausea, 8,9 while higher concentrations (>100 ppm) cause pulmonary edema, bronchospasms, and asthma; moreover, prolonged NO 2 gas exposure can even lead to death. 10,11 Therefore, there is a strong need for developing a highperformance gas sensor capable of effectively detecting a low concentration of NO 2 gas.…”

Solid Fuel Combustion and Air Pollution: Filling the Data Gap and Future Priorities

“…Among the published papers in the first edition, the drivers of energy choices, the emission characteristics of solid fuel combustion, spatial and temporal variations in air pollution at different scales, and the health effects of the particle composition of solid fuel combustion were systematically discussed [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Mperejekumana et al revealed that higher socio-economic levels (credit access) could increase the likelihood of choosing LPG by 22.7%, while higher levels of education can also help residents to choose cleaner residential fuels [ 1 ].…”

“…It has been found that coal combustion could increase the number of ultrafine particles in indoor environments, especially during the ignition period, highlighting the impact of solid fuel combustion on indoor air quality [ 2 ]. While field studies can be effective in assessing the actual impact of solid fuel use on air pollution, laboratory studies can quantify the factors affecting the emissions of various pollutants [ 3 ]. Therefore, more research into the emission characteristics of solid fuel combustion, both in the field and in the laboratory, are encouraged.…”