Influence of Adding Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles to Tris-Extender on Sperm Characteristics of Cryopreserved Goat Semen

Abstract

There are various challenges during semen cryopreservation used for artificial insemination, oxidative stress is considered as the major factor. Usage of nano-particle materials is an efficient tool to overcome these challenges. In the present article, effects of adding green synthesized gold nanoparticles (GSGNPs, 5; 10ppm/mL) to Tris-extender on sperm characteristics in post-equilibrated and post-thawed semen. Apoptosis and sperm ultrastructure post-thawed were also examined as well as enzyme activity and antioxidant status in post-thawed extender of goat semen were evaluated. Supplementation of GSGNPs (10 ppm) increased (P<0.05) motility, livability, and membrane integrity post-equilibration, and also in addition to acrosome integrity post-thawing. Also, viable sperm increased (P<0.05), early apoptotic, apoptotic, and necrotic sperm decreased (P<0.05) by 10 ppm GSGPNs. In the extender of thawed semen, AST and ALT activities were not affected, total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity were higher (P<0.05), while malondialdehyde decreased (P<0.05) by 10 ppm GSGNPs. Frequency distribution of sperm cells with intact plasma or acrosomal membranes increased (P<0.05), while of those with swollen plasma membranes or typical acrosome reaction decreased (P<0.05). However, frequency distribution of sperm cells with slightly swollen or lost plasma membranes as well as atypical acrosome reaction and lost acrosomal membrane was not affected by GSGNPs. Transmission electron microscopy examination revealed no entry of GSGNPs with sperm cells.The present article may suggest considerable addition of GSGNPs at a level of 10 ppm/mL to Tris-extender of cryopreserved goat semen during cryopreservation.

Nanotechnology in reproduction, breeding and conservation of fish biodiversity: Current status and future potential

“…Human sperm treated with zinc oxide (ZnO) microparticles of size 30-50 μ during cryopreservation resulted in an increase in the motility rate with significantly lower T A B L E 1 Different NPs, their mode and purpose of delivery in fish reproduction 54 Gold NPs of size 19.28 nm prepared by green synthesis method and mixed with tris extender improved the post-thaw sperm parameters of buck sperm. 55 In another study, the supplementation of curcumin NPs (average size 100 nm) with the extender during cryopreservation improved the quality of post-thawed rabbit semen. 56 The motility, viability and antioxidant capacity of the sperm were increased while the percentage of necrotic cells was drastically reduced.…”

The Current Trends in Using Nanoparticles, Liposomes, and Exosomes for Semen Cryopreservation

“…The addition of green synthesized gold nanoparticles (GSGNPs) (10 ppm) to a Tris-based extender improved buck semen freezing by maintaining the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity post-thawing. In addition, GSGNPs improved antioxidant capacity and consequently scavenged ROS in a buck semen extender [88]. GSGNPs are nontoxic and possess several medical applications [89].…”

Application of Nanoparticles and Melatonin for Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos

“…Magnetic-conjugated NPs have been shown to successfully select superior sperm among metal-coated boar semen [ 146 ]. In addition, gold NP may have enhanced acrosomal integrity and reduced oxidative stress by scavenging ROS in the goat [ 64 ]. No toxic effect of NPs on sperm has been reported, but gold NPs have been shown to accumulate in the nucleus of sperm [ 64 ].…”

“…In addition, gold NP may have enhanced acrosomal integrity and reduced oxidative stress by scavenging ROS in the goat [ 64 ]. No toxic effect of NPs on sperm has been reported, but gold NPs have been shown to accumulate in the nucleus of sperm [ 64 ]. Recently, Rubio et al showed that Vitamin E NPs suppressed oxidative stress and preserved mitochondrial activity by reducing ROS and LPO in cryopreserved deer sperm [ 136 ].…”

“…Nanotechnology, which utilizes cellular response modulating, has been an excellent impactful method in numerous aspects of biology, including artificial insemination (AI) in the livestock industry [ 63 ]. NPs are currently being studied for their potential use as cryoprotectants, and a cryoprotective effect has already been reported in several animals [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. The potential positive impacts of nanotechnology have led to further research into its use in cryoprotection, and with the development of nanotechnology, it is necessary to find a way to use it continuously.…”