Influence of activation conditions on the physicochemical properties of activated biochar: a review

Panwar, N. L.; Pawar, Ashish

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00870-3

Cited by 128 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…It is well known that the carbonization or pyrolysis of raw materials takes place at the first calcination process (450 °C for 2 h). 34 When the activation process was carried out for a longer time or at a higher temperature/H 3 PO 4 concentration, some C elements of samples were involved in the activation reaction and then released in the form of CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , etc. Moreover, because of the absence of inert gas, these gases produced at the previous stage would lead to a new physical activation reaction and further oxidized the C element.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Performance of TiO₂-Loaded Activated Carbon

2021

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In this study, the visible-light-driven photocatalytic regeneration performance of TiO 2 -loaded activated carbon (TiO 2 /AC) was effectively improved. By carefully controlling the activation condition at 700 °C for 2 h with a 60% H 3 PO 4 concentration and 3:1 TBT (tetrabutyl titanate) impregnation ratio, 90.5% of methylene blue (50 mg/L) was removed within 2 h by a low-dose TiO 2 /AC (0.5 g/L), which was much higher than those obtained in previous studies on TiO 2 /AC. Moreover, the effects of process variables on the microstructure and performance of TiO 2 /AC were systematically investigated. The results showed that (1) the long period of activation time effectively inhibited the photogenerated charge carrier recombination and enhanced the regeneration performance of samples; (2) the photogenerated charge carrier recombination rate was lowered initially and then increased as the temperature ascended, whereas the pore volume showed an opposite variation tendency, and thus the adsorption and regeneration performances of samples were improved at 500–700 °C and then weakened at 800 °C; (3) the increase of H 3 PO 4 concentration effectively inhibited the charge carrier recombination and had an improvement in the adsorption and regeneration performances of samples; and (4) the photogenerated charge carrier recombination rate and bandgap value of samples decreased initially and then increased with increasing TBT mass ratio, so the regeneration performances of samples were improved initially and then lowered.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Performance of TiO₂-Loaded Activated Carbon

2021

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“…However, due to the high costs of commercial activated carbon, alternative adsorbents that guarantee the same adsorption efficiency have been studied, with emphasis on those produced from residues from agricultural and extractive activities (Achour et al, 2021;Alam et al, 2020;Alkathiri et al, 2020;Panwar and Pawar, 2020;Kannaujiya et al, 2021;Zoroufchi Benis et al, 2020;Reza et al, 2020). Several studies report the use of these materials in the synthesis of activated carbon for remediation of effluents, such as the study by Njoku et al (2014) who studied the efficiency of activated carbon obtained from rambutan husk (Nephelium lappaceum) in the adsorption of acid yellow dye 17 (Reza et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of acid yellow dye 17 on activated carbon prepared from Euterpe oleracea: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Lopes

Santos

Nascimento

et al. 2022

RSD

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Environmental pollution has been a point of discussion in the international community and an object of investigation by research groups, which focus on the development of remediation methods. In the current study, the bunch of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) was used as a precursor for the preparation of low-cost activated carbon in order to remove the dye 17 AY 17 from the aqueous solution. The synthesis was carried out at temperatures of 500, 600 and 700 °C, for 2.0 h in a muffle furnace. The kinetic and thermodynamic mechanism of the adsorption process of the acid yellow dye 17, and the effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration were investigated. Activated carbon carbonized at 700 °C had the highest adsorption capacity, about of 99.9% of removal of the AY. The adsorption capacity of AY 17 was slightly pH dependent with a maximum value at pH 2.0. The kinetic data show that the equilibrium time was 200 min, and the adsorption capacity of activated carbon was 99.9% at 50 mg L‒1 and 67.0% at 150 mg L‒1 of adsorbate, suggesting high adsorption capacity of the material, even in the presence of high dye concentration. The adsorption process of AY 17 is described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, and the experimental adsorption isotherms are adjusted to the Freundlich model, indicating that the adsorption of AY 17 on activated carbon occurs with the formation of multilayers. The present study shows that this low-cost material has great potential for remediation of textile effluents.

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“…Great emphasis is placed on the use of lignocellulosic materials, waste from forestry, and agricultural production as well as agri-food production (Danish and Ahmad 2018;Gonzalez-Garcia 2018;Doczekalska et al 2020;Panwar and Pawar 2020). The production of ACs from lignocellulosic biomass has many advantages.…”

Section: Bioresourcescommentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbon prepared from corn biomass by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide

Doczekalska

Bartkowiak

Łopatka

et al. 2022

BioRes

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With the depletion of fossil fuel feedstocks, the lignocellulosic biomass, including the agro-wastes, can serve as the best alternative source to produce activated carbons (ACs). Corn biomass (corn leaves, stalks, cobs without kernels, silk, and kernels) were used to produce ACs in a two-step process. Crushed plant material was carbonized at 600 °C and then the obtained carbon was activated using potassium hydroxide at 750 °C. The content and type of surface oxygen functional groups were determined by the Boehm method and infrared spectroscopy. The porous structure of the obtained AC was determined by the nitrogen adsorption/desorption method at -196 °C, and the thermal resistance by the thermogravimetric method. The iodine number was also determined. The ACs derived from corn biomass were characterized with surfaces rich in chemical groups and revealed a highly developed porous structure. The specific BET surface area ranged from 1600 m2/g to 1965 m2/g. High values of iodine number approx. 1300 mg/g, indicated an extensive system of pores and their good adsorption properties.

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Influence of activation conditions on the physicochemical properties of activated biochar: a review

Cited by 128 publications

References 183 publications

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Performance of TiO₂-Loaded Activated Carbon

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Performance of TiO₂-Loaded Activated Carbon

Adsorption of acid yellow dye 17 on activated carbon prepared from Euterpe oleracea: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Activated carbon prepared from corn biomass by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide

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Influence of activation conditions on the physicochemical properties of activated biochar: a review

Cited by 128 publications

References 183 publications

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Performance of TiO2-Loaded Activated Carbon

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Performance of TiO2-Loaded Activated Carbon

Adsorption of acid yellow dye 17 on activated carbon prepared from Euterpe oleracea: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Activated carbon prepared from corn biomass by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide

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Product

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Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Performance of TiO₂-Loaded Activated Carbon

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Performance of TiO₂-Loaded Activated Carbon