Influence of acid suppressants on gastric emptying: Cross‐over analysis in healthy volunteers

Abstract

Oral dosage of the H2 receptor antagonists, ranitidine and famotidine, has no significant effect on gastric emptying. However, rabeprazole may delay gastric emptying more strongly than H2 receptor antagonists.

Lack of Modulation of Gastric Emptying by Dietary Nitrate in Healthy Volunteers

“…This inhibition of gastric emptying caused by rabeprazole is consistent with some previous studies using PPI (Benini et al 1996;Rasmussen et al 1997Rasmussen et al , 1999Parkman et al 1998;Anjiki et al 2005;Tougas et al 2005;Takahashi et al 2006), but at variance with others that failed to show any association between PPI administration and gastric emptying (Vidon et al 1993;Jones et al 2003;Grudell et al 2006). It has been supposed that such discrepancies may be partly explained by the use of different meal compositions and forms, and by the different methods for evaluating gastric emptying.…”

“…The 13 CO 2 / 12 CO 2 ratio in the breath samples was determined by isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry (UBit IR 300, Otsuka Electronics, Osaka, Japan) and the 13 CO 2 levels were expressed as the difference from baseline. Gastric emptying was expressed as the time of peak excretion (T max ) and half emptying time (T 1/2 ) (Anjiki et al 2005;Takahashi et al 2006) and these parameters were calculated using the Solver procedure in Excel 2003 (Microsoft).…”

“…Although there have been conflicting reports on PPI and gastric emptying, significant studies reported delayed gastric emptying by PPI administration (Benini et al 1996;Rasmussen et al 1997Rasmussen et al , 1999Parkman et al 1998;Anjiki et al 2005;Tougas et al 2005;Takahashi et al 2006), while other studies failed to show any significant change in the gastric emptying by the treatment (Vidon et al 1993;Jones et al 2003;Grudell et al 2006). Since a sufficient amount of gastric acid is essential for the generation of luminal NO in the stomach originating from dietary nitrate (McKnight et al 1997;Iijima et al 2003), the effect of dietary nitrate on gastric emptying, if any, would be modified by co-administration of PPI.…”

Stable isotope breath tests for assessing gastric emptying: A comprehensive review

“…emptying time is expressed as (-1/k)ln(1 -2 -1/β ){ln(β)}/k and the lag phase as (-1/k)ln(1 -2 -1/β ). (Takahashi et al, 2006;Sanaka et al, 2007b;Sanaka et al, 2008;Iwase et al, 2009;Shindo et al, 2009;Mishima et al, 2009). In this context, Tlag is replaced by Tmax afterward in the present review.…”

“…The hallmark of the JSSMR protocol is its simplicity: the test meal is a ready-made liquid, which is sanitary and easy to prepare; in busy clinicial settings, the foreshoetened 90-min version is also available, by which clinicians can discriminate between normal and abnormal gastric emptying based on the visually determined Tmax and its reference values (23.3-64.5 min). Recently, clinical and experimental studies using the JSSMR protocol have increasingly been published (Takahashi et al, 2006;Iwase et al, 2009;Shindo et al, 2009;Mishima et al, 2009 (Table 3). The attempt to standardize a solid test meal has resulted in admirable success by adopting a manufactured muffin meal, which can be prepared with minimally complicated procedures.…”