Influence of a static magnetic field on nickel electrodeposition studied using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry

Effects of gravity on the electrodeposition and characterization of nickel foils

“…Consequently, a favorable crystallization condition of supersaturation of Ni 2+ ions is formed, which leads to a high nucleation rate [24]. The nucleus number density (N 0 ), which was obtained from the regression analysis of i vs. t 1/2 curves [25], for the nickel electrodeposition in various gravity conditions are presented in Fig. 7.…”

“…In addition, due to the increased supersaturation of Ni 2+ ions in front of the cathode surface with the increased gravity coefficient, the nickel grains can uniformly grow to obtain a smoother surface. Furthermore, it has been reported that the surface morphology of deposits is affected by gravitoconvection [5], and the increased concentration gradient at the electrode/electrolyte interface can lead to morphological instabilities which results in a rougher surface of the deposit [25]. In the super gravity field, the enhanced gravitoconvection reduces the concentration gradient; thus, the smoother surface of deposits is obtained.…”

Phenomenological Discussion of Fe and Co Film Electrodeposited in a Magnetic Field

“…A number of research groups have reported some unique phenomena during electrodeposition in a magnetic field. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] When an electrodeposition is conducted in a magnetic field, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection is induced by Lorenz force. Devos et al 16) reported that the surface morphology of electrodeposited Ni film was smoothed and the preferred orientation was drastically changed from (200) in 0 T to (220) in 5 T. These phenomena were explained by MHD convection that enhanced the mass transfer of organic additives near the electrode surface.…”

Electrocodeposition of nickel–alumina nanocomposite films under the influence of static magnetic fields

“…As the influence of magnetic fields on metal or alloy deposition has been extensively studied [7][8][9][10][11], we decided to investigate the effect of a static magnetic field on the electrocodeposition of alumina particles in a nickel matrix. It has been shown by Shao et al that under conditions similar to those applied in the present work the particle incorporation is mass transport controlled [12].…”