Influence of a specific amino acid pattern in the diet on the course of an experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in broilers

Visscher, Christian; Klingenberg, L; Hankel, Julia; Brehm, Ralph; Langeheine, Marion; Helmbrecht, A.

doi:10.3382/ps/pey276

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Varying amino-acid concentrations in the diet of broiler chickens preferentially utilised by C. jejuni , such as aspartate, glutamate, proline and serine are able to influence the spread and the shedding of C . jejuni (Visscher et al, 2018). It can be hypothesised that an environment favouring C. jejuni metabolism should also favour growing conditions of Parasutterella , as their metabolism relies on similar amino acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caecal Microbiota of Experimentally Campylobacter jejuni-Infected Chickens at Different Ages

et al. 2019

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Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of foodborne zoonosis in the European Union. Infections are often linked to the consumption and handling of poultry meat. The aim of the present study was to investigate the caecal microbiota of birds infected with C. jejuni at different ages. Therefore, a total of 180 birds of the laying hybrid Lohmann Brown-Classic were housed in 12 subgroups of 15 animals each in three performed repetitions. Three birds per subgroup were experimentally infected with C. jejuni at an age of about 21 days and about 78 days (4.46 ± 0.35 log10 CFU/bird). Twenty-one days after experimental infection, microbiome studies were performed on 72 caecal samples of dissected birds (three primary infected and three further birds/subgroup). Amplification within the hypervariable region V 4 of the 16S rRNA gene was performed and sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS® Enterprise Guide® (version 7.1) and R (version 3.5.2). Both factors, the experimental replication (p < 0.001) and the chickens’ age at infection (p < 0.001) contributed significantly to the differences in microbial composition of the caecal samples. The factor experimental replication explained 24% of the sample’s variability, whereas the factor age at infection explained 14% thereof. Twelve of 32 families showed a significantly different count profile between the two age groups, whereby strongest differences were seen for seven families, among them the family Campylobacteraceae (adjusted p = 0.003). The strongest difference between age groups was seen for a bacterial species that is assigned to the genus Turicibacter which in turn belongs to the family Erysipelotrichaceae (adjusted p < 0.0001). Correlation analyses revealed a common relationship in both chicken ages at infection between the absolute abundance of Campylobacteraceae and Alcaligenaceae, which consists of the genus Parasutterella. In general, concentrations of particular volatile fatty acids (VFA) demonstrated a negative correlation to absolute abundance of Campylobacteraceae, whereby the strongest link was seen for n-butyrate (−0.51141; p < 0.0001). Despite performing consecutive repetitions, the factor experimental replication contributed more to the differences of microbial composition in comparison to the factor age at infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caecal Microbiota of Experimentally Campylobacter jejuni-Infected Chickens at Different Ages

et al. 2019

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“…Supplementing broiler diets with protein sources other than soybean may provide a different amino acid pattern in the diet. Distinct dietary amino acid patterns can potentially reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter infection in chickens (Visscher et al, 2017(Visscher et al, , 2018. Additionally, several studies indicated that soybean meal-based diets increase crude mucin excretion in the intestinal tract of birds (Adedokun, 2007;Horn et al, 2009;Visscher et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distinct dietary amino acid patterns can potentially reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter infection in chickens (Visscher et al, 2017(Visscher et al, , 2018. Additionally, several studies indicated that soybean meal-based diets increase crude mucin excretion in the intestinal tract of birds (Adedokun, 2007;Horn et al, 2009;Visscher et al, 2018). The presence of mucin appears to be essential for the survival and growth of C. jejuni in the poultry gut (Van Deun et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Feeding a Soybean-Based or a Soy-Free Diet on the Gut Microbiome of Pasture-Raised Chickens Throughout Their Lifecycle

Lourenço

Rothrock

Sanad

et al. 2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Soybean is one of the primary ingredients in poultry diets, but it causes problems in some consumers with allergies. Thus, production of poultry without soybean in their diets has increased in recent years. In addition, consumers are increasingly supporting alternative (e.g., organic, pasture-raised) chicken production systems for ethical reasons, yet the impacts of a variety of diets on these birds remain unclear. The present study was designed to examine the impact of feeding two different diets-a soybean-based and a soy-free diet-on the intestinal microbiome of pasture-raised chickens. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the feces, cecal contents, and whole carcass rinses from 5 pasture-raised flocks (3 soybean-based, 2 soy-free) grown over 2 years on the same farm, and their microbiomes were compared. Regardless of diet, the phylum Firmicutes corresponded to 63% or more of the total bacterial abundance in the fecal and cecal samples; however, in the whole carcass rinses, the relative abundance of Firmicutes dropped to ∼30%. Alpha diversity metrics revealed significant differences without any clear patterns when comparing the 2 diets, but principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.04) between them. Notably, broilers receiving the soy-free diet had lower abundance of Campylobacter during their entire lifecycle. This effect was particularly important in the fecal material collected when birds were 12-weeks-old (i.e., day of processing; P = 0.003) and in the whole carcass rinses obtained from the final product (P = 0.04). Abundance of Acinetobacter was also lower (P = 0.05) in the whole carcass rinses from birds consuming the soy-free diet. These data suggest that the presence of soybeans in chicken diets can be an important factor shaping overall microbiomes throughout the farm-to-fork continuum, specifically resulting in a greater presence of the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter and Acinetobacter. Therefore, the use of a soy-free diet can potentially represent a viable strategy to reduce contamination of carcasses in pasture-raised chicken production systems.

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“…This isolate had been identified as C. jejuni both culturally and mass-spectrometrically (MALDI-TOF MS; AniCon Labor GmbH, Höltinghausen, Germany). Preparation of the conserved strain for experimental infection was done as previously described ( 33 ). The infection strain was used in its stationary growth phase (24–48 h) for preparing the inoculum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The content of total mucin was determined in birds‘ pooled excreta. Quantifying the water-soluble and ethanol-precipitable fraction of excreta was carried out in accordance with modified methods ( 9 , 35 ) as described by Visscher et al ( 33 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed Choice Led to Higher Protein Intake in Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected With Campylobacter jejuni

et al. 2018

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In 2016, Campylobacter was the most commonly reported gastrointestinal bacterial pathogen in humans in the European Union with 246,307 reported cases. Of these cases, 83.6% were Campylobacter jejuni. The objective of the present study was to investigate to what extent an infection with C. jejuni alters the feed intake behavior of broiler chicks in terms of protein intake. This was done to see if, conversely, measures of control could be derived. In total, 300 commercial broilers of the Ross 308 line were allocated to four different groups, including five replications of 15 chickens each. In two groups, a conventional diet [216 g CP/kg dry matter (DM)] and in the two choice diet groups, diets with different levels of crude protein (286 and 109 g CP/kg DM, respectively) were fed between day 14 and day 42. An intake of both choice diets at a ratio of 3:2 resulted in a composition of consumed feed identical to that of the control concerning composition, energy and nutrient content. One group of each feeding concept was infected artificially with C. jejuni at day 21 by applying an oral C. jejuni-suspension containing 5.26 ± 0.08 log10 colony forming units of C. jejuni to three out of 15 chickens. No significant differences concerning C. jejuni prevalence and excretion could be seen. Broilers infected with C. jejuni chose a higher amount of the high protein choice diet in comparison to C. jejuni negative broilers. This resulted in a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher content of crude protein in the consumed diet (198 ± 3.09 g CP/kg DM and 208 ± 8.57 g CP/kg DM, respectively). Due to C. jejuni infection, a significant increase in crude mucin in excreta at day 42 was seen in experimentally infected groups (62.6 ± 4.62 g/kg DM vs. 59.6 ± 6.21 g/kg DM, respectively; p = 0.0396). There were significantly deeper crypts in infected birds (256 ± 71.6 vs. 234 ± 61.3 μm). In summary, C. jejuni infections significantly alter the feed intake behavior of broiler chickens regarding higher protein intake. Therefore, targeted manipulation of protein supply could be tested for limiting the spread of infection.

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Influence of a specific amino acid pattern in the diet on the course of an experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in broilers

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Caecal Microbiota of Experimentally Campylobacter jejuni-Infected Chickens at Different Ages

Caecal Microbiota of Experimentally Campylobacter jejuni-Infected Chickens at Different Ages

The Effects of Feeding a Soybean-Based or a Soy-Free Diet on the Gut Microbiome of Pasture-Raised Chickens Throughout Their Lifecycle

Feed Choice Led to Higher Protein Intake in Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected With Campylobacter jejuni

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