Influence of a heavy rainfall event on the leaching of [14C]isoproturon and its degradation products in outdoor lysimeters

Dörfler, Ulrike; Cao, G.; Grundmann, Sabine; Schroll, Reiner

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.034

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Dörfler et al (2006) have pointed out different leaching processes for isoproturon, depending on soil texture and precipitation. Hence, authorities have imposed restrictions on isoproturon, as well as for other herbicides such as bentazon and chloridazon, with respect to soil texture and SOC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Germany, the application of IPU is prohibited in sandy soils with SOC contents \10 g kg -1 , and in soils with a clay content [300 g kg -1 . The reasons for these restrictions are (i) the very widespread usage of this cheap herbicide and the need to limit potential problems, (ii) its rather high mobility, which presents a leaching risk in low sorbing soils, and (iii), preferential flow, which can be an effective transport mechanism in clayey soils (Renaud et al 2004;Dörfler et al 2006). Compliance with these regulations is difficult to enforce because many farmers do not have exact and representative data on SOC and texture.…”

Section: Soil Heterogeneity and Statutory Restrictions For Pesticide mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Moreover, our soil heterogeneity surveys on arable fields indicate that there are sites where parts of fields meet the requirements and others do not. The test field at Frankenforst is a more or less clayey site with clay contents ranging from 98 up to 592 g kg -1 , thus having a rather high risk of translocation via preferential flow (Dörfler et al 2006). However, from Fig.…”

Section: Soil Heterogeneity and Statutory Restrictions For Pesticide mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil heterogeneity at the field scale: a challenge for precision crop protection

et al. 2008

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Crop protection seldom takes into account soil heterogeneity at the field scale. Yet, variable site characteristics affect the incidence of pests as well as the efficacy and fate of pesticides in soil. This article reviews crucial starting points for incorporating soil information into precision crop protection (PCP). At present, the lack of adequate field maps is a major drawback. Conventional soil analyses are too expensive to capture soil heterogeneity at the field scale with the required spatial resolution. Therefore, we discuss alternative procedures exemplified by our own results concerning (i) minimally and noninvasive sensor techniques for the estimation of soil properties, (ii) the evidence of soil heterogeneity with respect to PCP, and (iii) current possibilities for incorporation of high resolution soil information into crop protection decisions. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil texture are extremely interesting for PCP. Their determination with minimally invasive techniques requires the sampling of soils, because the sensors must be used in the laboratory. However, this technique delivers precise information at low cost. We accurately determined SOC in the near-infrared. In the mid-infrared, texture and lime content were also exactly quantified. Non-invasive sensors require less effort. The airborne HyMap sensor was suitable for the detection of variability in SOC at high resolution, thus promising further progress regarding SOC data acquisition from bare soil. The apparent electrical conductivity as measured by an EM38 sensor was shown to be a suitable proxy for soil texture and layering. A survey of arable fields near Bonn (Germany) revealed widespread within-field heterogeneity of texture-related ECa, SOC and other characteristics. Maps of herbicide sorption and application rate were derived from sensor data,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Heterogeneity and Statutory Restrictions For Pesticide mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Soil Heterogeneity and Statutory Restrictions For Pesticide mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil heterogeneity at the field scale: a challenge for precision crop protection

et al. 2008

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“…A detailed description of 14 C-isoproturon leaching in the four outdoor lysimeters is given in Dörfler et al (2006). Leaching of isoproturon in general was very low.…”

Section: Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lysimeters were taken as undisturbed soil cores and the crop rotation was as follows: wheat, barley, maize, wheat, barley, oats, with mustard as an intercrop in autumn, respectively. For further details of the isoproturon study see Schroll and Kühn (2004) and Dörfler et al (2006). The glyphosate lysimeter study was conducted in a sandy soil (Table 1) which was filled in the lysimeters according to its natural soil density.…”

Section: Pesticides Chemicals Soils and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization and Transfer Processes of 14C-labeled Pesticides in Outdoor Lysimeters

Grundmann

Dörfler

Rüth

et al. 2007

Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus

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Soil Column Leaching of Pesticides

Katagi

2012

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 221

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In this review, I address the practical and theoretical aspects of pesticide soil mobility.I also address the methods used to measure mobility, and the factors that influence it, and I summarize the data that have been published on the column leaching of pesticides.Pesticides that enter the unsaturated soil profile are transported downwards by the water flux, and are adsorbed, desorbed, and/or degraded as they pass through the soil. The rate of passage of a pesticide through the soil depends on the properties of the pesticide, the properties of the soil and the prevailing environmental conditions.Because large amounts of many different pesticides are used around the world, they and their degradates may sometimes contaminate groundwater at unacceptable levels.It is for this reason that assessing the transport behavior and soil mobility of pesticides before they are sold into commerce is important and is one indispensable element that regulators use to assess probable pesticide safety. Both elementary soil column leaching and sophisticated outdoor lysimeter studies are performed to measure the leaching potential for pesticides; the latter approach more reliably reflects probable field behavior, but the former is useful to initially profile a pesticide for soil mobility potential.Soil is physically heterogeneous. The structure of soil varies both vertically and laterally, and this variability affects the complex flow of water through the soil profile, making it difficult to predict with accuracy. In addition, macropores exist in soils and further add to the complexity of how water flow occurs. The degree to which soil is tilled, the density of vegetation on the surface, and the type and amounts of organic soil amendments that are added to soil further affect the movement rate of water through soil, the character of soil adsorption sites and the microbial populations that exist in the soil. Parameters that most influence the rate of pesticide mobility in soil are persistence (DT50) of the pesticide, and its sorption/desorption(Koc) characteristics. These parameters may vary for the same pesticide from geographic site-to-site and with soil depth. The interactions that normally occur between pesticides and dissolved organic matter (DOM) or WDC are yet other factors that may complicate pesticide leaching behavior.The soil mobility of pesticides is normally tested both in the laboratory and in the field. Lab studies are initially performed to give researchers a preliminary appraisal of the relative mobility of a pesticide. Later, field lysimeter studies can be performed to provide more natural leaching conditions that emulate the actual field use pattern. Lysimeter studies give the most reliable information on the leaching behavior of a pesticide under field conditions, but these studies are time-consuming and expensive and cannot be performed everywhere. It is for this reason that the laboratory soil column leaching approach is commonly utilized to profile the mobility of a pesticide,and appraise how it behaves in diffe...

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Influence of a heavy rainfall event on the leaching of [14C]isoproturon and its degradation products in outdoor lysimeters

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Soil heterogeneity at the field scale: a challenge for precision crop protection

Soil heterogeneity at the field scale: a challenge for precision crop protection

Mineralization and Transfer Processes of 14C-labeled Pesticides in Outdoor Lysimeters

Soil Column Leaching of Pesticides

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