“…These concepts will be considered in terms of the synthetic theory of irrecoverable deformation (Rusinko andRusinko, 2009, 2011) for the case of ordinary loading and that coupled with direct current. With DC, the following phenomena are recorded and will be discussed (Andrawes et al, 2007;Chen and Yang, 2008;Kinney et al, 2009;Li et al, 2015;Perkins et al, 2007;Ross et al, 2007;Sanmartin et al, 1983;Nguyen et al, 2016;Yang and Zhao, 2010;Zhao et al, 2012Zhao et al, , 2016; Zhao and Yang, 2014):…”