Influence of A Cooled, Solid Lying Area on the Pen Fouling and Lying Behavior of Fattening Pigs

Opderbeck, Svenja; Keßler, Barbara; Gordillio, William; Schrade, Hansjörg; Piepho, Hans‐Peter; Gallmann, Eva

doi:10.3390/agriculture10070307

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Physiological markers include all physiological variables reported in the literature related to blood chemistry, organ integrity assessment, and stress responses. While behavior focused on lying, assuming that pigs under thermal spent increased time lying down to facilitate heat dissipation [ 47 , 60 , 61 ]. Animal vocalizations were considered an individual indicator category, separate from behavior, because the publications reviewed studied the meaning of the sounds produced by the animals, and the researchers tried to relate the characteristics of the sounds with the animals’ environmental, social, or health situations [ 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavior . Another indicator of thermal stress is animal behavior, and pigs tend to increase the time spent lying on the ground to maximize heat dissipation from the floor [ 60 , 61 , 123 – 125 ]. Lying behavior can be evaluated through various methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lying behavior can be evaluated through various methods. One is through the direct observation of lying pigs, either by scan sampling (time-spot sampling), continuous video recording [ 60 , 61 , 73 , 109 , 126 ] or automatic quantification through machine vision [ 47 , 48 , 70 , 125 – 127 ]. The use of automated algorithms in pigs eliminates the uncertainty of time-spot sampling, and reduces the time delay of the process and data interpretation method, because the behavior of the animal is recorded and analyzed in real time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of animal-based indicators to measure thermal, social, and immune-related stress in pigs

et al. 2022

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The intense nature of pig production has increased the animals’ exposure to stressful conditions, which may be detrimental to their welfare and productivity. Some of the most common sources of stress in pigs are extreme thermal conditions (thermal stress), density and mixing during housing (social stress), or exposure to pathogens and other microorganisms that may challenge their immune system (immune-related stress). The stress response can be monitored based on the animals’ coping mechanisms, as a result of specific environmental, social, and health conditions. These animal-based indicators may support decision making to maintain animal welfare and productivity. The present study aimed to systematically review animal-based indicators of social, thermal, and immune-related stresses in farmed pigs, and the methods used to monitor them. Peer-reviewed scientific literature related to pig production was collected using three online search engines: ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed. The manuscripts selected were grouped based on the indicators measured during the study. According to our results, body temperature measured with a rectal thermometer was the most commonly utilized method for the evaluation of thermal stress in pigs (87.62%), as described in 144 studies. Of the 197 studies that evaluated social stress, aggressive behavior was the most frequently-used indicator (81.81%). Of the 535 publications examined regarding immune-related stress, cytokine concentration in blood samples was the most widely used indicator (80.1%). Information about the methods used to measure animal-based indicators is discussed in terms of validity, reliability, and feasibility. Additionally, the introduction and wide spreading of alternative, less invasive methods with which to measure animal-based indicators, such as cortisol in saliva, skin temperature and respiratory rate via infrared thermography, and various animal welfare threats via vocalization analysis are highlighted. The information reviewed was used to discuss the feasible and most reliable methods with which to monitor the impact of relevant stressors commonly presented by intense production systems on the welfare of farmed pigs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of animal-based indicators to measure thermal, social, and immune-related stress in pigs

et al. 2022

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“…The welfare and health conditions are expressed in the feeding, drinking, social, resting, and vocalization behavior of the animals [13][14][15][16][17]. Alteration of these behaviors could be an indication of discomfort and/or health problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Monitoring System for Health Status and Behavior of Pigs Under Different Environmental Conditions Using Vision and Audio Technologies

Lagua,

Mun,

Ampode

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study aimed to assess the feasibility of employing audio and vision technologies as an integrated monitoring system to monitor the health and behavior of pigs under different environmental conditions and to associate these factors. A total of 81 growing pigs ((Landrace x Largewhite) x Duroc) with distinct weight categories (10.47 ± 2.57 kg and 28.81 ± 5.03 kg) were distributed into two distinct housing conditions: Control (characterized by low NH3 levels and low stocking density) and Treatment (marked by elevated NH3 levels and varying stocking densities). Each house was installed with a SoundTalks monitor for automated daily evaluation of respiratory health status (ReHS), and a camera with a microphone to facilitate manual tracking of respiratory symptoms and behavioral patterns. Results showed that the Treatment group encountered significantly high room temperature, NH3 concentration, and carbon dioxide levels, resulting in compromised growth performance—a phenomenon further exacerbated in high stocking density conditions. Pigs within the treatment exhibited increases (p &lt; 0.05) in lateral and total lying behaviors, and incidences of ear and tail injuries, increases screaming frequency, conjunctivitis incidences, coughing frequency, elevated respiration rates, and a decrease in ReHS. The environmental conditions affect the behavior and health of the pigs. Moreover, the behavioral patterns of the pigs are associated with their health conditions. The SoundTalks system did not trigger any warnings during the experimental period. Nevertheless, trend analysis indicated a significant reduction in respiratory health in the treatment. In conclusion, this study underscores the efficacy of merging audio and visual technologies to holistically monitor pig health and behavior, enabling enhanced management strategies. Findings emphasize that monitoring the ReHS trend serves as a pivotal marker for identifying respiratory health problems, complementing the system's innate alarm functions.

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“…Simultaneous resting behavior in the whole group of pigs is an indicator of welfare under different thermal conditions [ 18 , 19 ] or the health status of the group [ 20 ]. Studies have investigated recumbent behavior and its relationship with behavioral factors [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Detection of Group Recumbency in Pigs via AI-Supported Camera Systems

Kühnemund

Götz²,

Recke

2023

Animals

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The resting behavior of rearing pigs provides information about their perception of the current temperature. A pen that is too cold or too warm can impact the well-being of the animals as well as their physical development. Previous studies that have automatically recorded animal behavior often utilized body posture. However, this method is error-prone because hidden animals (so-called false positives) strongly influence the results. In the present study, a method was developed for the automated identification of time periods in which all pigs are lying down using video recordings (an AI-supported camera system). We used velocity data (measured by the camera) of pigs in the pen to identify these periods. To determine the threshold value for images with the highest probability of containing only recumbent pigs, a dataset with 9634 images and velocity values was used. The resulting velocity threshold (0.0006020622 m/s) yielded an accuracy of 94.1%. Analysis of the testing dataset revealed that recumbent pigs were correctly identified based on velocity values derived from video recordings. This represents an advance toward automated detection from the previous manual detection method.

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Influence of A Cooled, Solid Lying Area on the Pen Fouling and Lying Behavior of Fattening Pigs

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Systematic review of animal-based indicators to measure thermal, social, and immune-related stress in pigs

Systematic review of animal-based indicators to measure thermal, social, and immune-related stress in pigs

A Comprehensive Monitoring System for Health Status and Behavior of Pigs Under Different Environmental Conditions Using Vision and Audio Technologies

Automatic Detection of Group Recumbency in Pigs via AI-Supported Camera Systems

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