Influence of a Biological Preparation Based on a Lipid Extract of Mortierella Alpina Mushroom on the Reduction of Soil Oil Pollution

Abstract

The Lower Volga region is a major producer of vegetable products, and in particular tomato crops, which ranks fourth among the main vegetable crops. Determining the stability of a tomato culture in open ground conditions to anthropogenic influences, including soil pollution with oil products under the influence of biological products based on biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids of the fungus Mortierella alpina, is very timely and relevant. Under the influence of oil pollution, deep and sometimes irreversible changes in morphological, physical, physicochemical, microbiological properties occur in the soil, leading to loss of land productivity, and often complete degradation of landscapes, which negatively affects the growth and development of plants growing on these soils. The article presents the results of long-term (2013-2020) studies in open ground tomato crops of agrochemical and microbiological indicators of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga subzone contaminated with oil against the background of the use of the biological preparation Biodux. Oil of various concentrations was used as a soil pollutant. As a result of the research, it was proved that changes in the agrochemical and microbiological properties of light chestnut soils in the Lower Volga region are directly related to the concentration of oil products. Thus, soil samples contaminated with oil at a concentration of 10% showed the most negative effect on the studied parameters and soil properties. Changes in the biological activity of soils under the influence of oil products on them, first of all, were reflected in the growth, development and, ultimately, the productivity of vegetable crops. Under the influence of the studied drug Biodux, when used for presowing and vegetative treatment, the formation of resistance to stressful conditions of crop growth in the Nizhnevolzhsky region was noted in tomato plants.