“…19,33,34 By adjusting the oxidation and reduction processes, control of the identities and total amounts of surface functional groups can be achieved (as described in relatively high detail in our previous report). 42 Aer optimizing the mass fraction (6%) and reduction degree (C element /C functional ¼ 2.1 : 1, C element : C hydroxyl : C epoxy : C carboxyl ¼ 68 : 22 : 2 : 8) of the employed RGO, a h as high as 9.79% was obtained, comparable with 9.56% value for the device using a Pt electrode and higher than the values previously reported for DSSCs based on graphene CE (the specic photovoltaic performance measures are listed in Table 1 for comparison). [23][24][25][26][27][28]43,44 The detailed C 1s XPS curves of the original graphene oxide (GO) and resulting RGO specimens are shown in Fig.…”