Influence De l'ORIGINE Des Matières Organiques Et De Leur Degré d'ÉVOLUTION Sur Les Produits De Pyrolyse Du Kérogène

Bordenave, M. L.; Combaz, A.; Giraud, A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-012758-3.50028-1

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The rapid transgression was accompanied by the deposition of laminated graptolitic shales at the margins of the Gondwanan continent from Morocco to Saudi Arabia and Oman. In the early stages of the transgression, these shales, deposited in an oxygen-deprived environment, were organic-rich and highly pyritic (Bordenave et al, 1970;Mahmoud et al, 1992;Aqrawi, 1998). Organic-rich shales were only deposited in low-lying areas; Ordovician palaeohighs were not covered by the early phases of the transgression (Aoudeh and Al-Hajri, 1995;Lüning, 2000).…”

Section: Silurianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The author's involvement with the Palaeozoic Petroleum System of the NE margin of Gondwana began in the late 1960s with studies conducted in the Algerian Sahara. The source rock potential of the basal Silurian shales was established, and their level of thermal evolution was evaluated using a pollen carbonization index, the hydrogen/carbon ratio, and gas-chromatographic analyses of the shales' pyrolysis products (Bordenave et al, 1970). Studies of the Palaeozoic Petroleum System continued in Iran between 1968 and 1973, and an inventory was made of the source rocks that charged the various reservoirs in the prolific fields in the Zagros Foldbelt, based on an extensive field work programme and on the study of wells drilled in the Foldbelt and contiguous offshore areas Bordenave and Sahabi, 1971;Bordenave and Nili, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Origin of the Permo‐triassic Gas Accumulations in the Iranian Zagros Foldbelt and Contiguous Offshore Areas: A Review of the Palaeozoic Petroleum System

Bordenave¹

2008

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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More than 1500 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of gas reserves have been discovered in Permo‐Triassic carbonates sealed by thick Triassic anhydrites in the Zagros Foldbelt (SW Iran), the southern part of the Gulf (Iran, Qatar, and Abu Dhabi) and Saudi Arabia. This paper discusses the origins of this gas in terms of source rock distribution and thermal maturation through time (as indicated by modelling), regional variations in thermal maturation (as indicated by cumulative isopachs), and long‐range migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon prior to the Zagros orogeny. The sequence of events leading to the present‐day distribution of gas accumulations is reconstructed in detail. The only important source rocks so far identified in the Late Proterozoic to Late Triassic succession are organic‐rich, radioactive shales which are dated as Llandoverian (early Silurian). Oil generation began in the Middle Jurassic in areas of greatest subsidence, while the gas window was reached locally as early as the Middle Cretaceous. Huge volumes of oil, then of gas, accumulated in a few major regional highs and salt‐related structures prior to the Zagros orogeny. Part of the gas was lost during Zagros folding as some of the anticlines were breached, and another portion, possibly associated with light oil, remigrated into unbreached Zagros anticlines. Among critical parameters essential to the appraisal of the numerous Permo‐Triassic prospects present in Lurestan, Fars and in the Iranian Offshore, three are discussed in this paper, namely (i) the location of prospects in comparison to pre‐Zagros regional highs and to reconstructed pre‐Zagros gas accumulations; (ii) the characteristics of potential reservoir intervals in the Dalan/Kangan Formation; and (iii) the extent of the Dashtak evaporitic seal. The distribution of surface oil, bitumen and gas seepages together with indirect hydrocarbon indications provides an additional exploration tool.

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Section: Silurianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin of the Permo‐triassic Gas Accumulations in the Iranian Zagros Foldbelt and Contiguous Offshore Areas: A Review of the Palaeozoic Petroleum System

Bordenave¹

2008

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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“…The same was true for kerogen preparation and analysis, thus the whole geochemical analysis on a sample lasted several days and was quite expensive. Early attempts to characterize source rock properties such as origin and stage of evolution of organic matter by pyrolysis were those of Bordenave et al (1970) and Giraud (1970). Isothermal pyrolyses were performed on the crushed rock at 280°C during 10 to 30 min and the effluent trapped in liquid air, then was flushed by helium into a chromatographic column, with analysis of the C 1 -C 11 fraction.…”

Section: The First Rock-eval Pyrolysis Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Kerogen: from Types to Models of Chemical Structure

Vandenbroucke

2003

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

150

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Résumé -Les kérogènes : de la notion de types aux modèles de structure chimique -Le but de cet article est de présenter, à travers une revue des développements conceptuels et analytiques en géochimie dans la période , les principales étapes qui ont conduit, à travers la préparation et l'analyse des kérogènes d'une part, et l'étude de systèmes pétroliers de référence d'autre part, aux notions de types, chemins d'évolution et modèles statistiques de structure chimique des kérogènes. Le kérogène est défini comme la matière organique des sédiments qui produit le pétrole, opposant ainsi le pétrole, soluble dans les solvants organiques courants, à son complément insoluble. Ce kérogène étant une matière organique complexe intimement mélangée aux minéraux des sédiments, la première tâche a été de mettre au point un protocole fiable pour son isolement, permettant ensuite son étude par des méthodes physicochimiques variées. En parallèle, le développement des permis d'exploration pétrolière, donnant accès aux échantillons de forage, permettait la comparaison géochimique de divers systèmes pétroliers. Les comparaisons furent faites non seulement entre les compositions chimiques des huiles, roches mères et kérogènes, mais aussi sur l'époque de production du pétrole. La notion de cinétique de craquage du kérogène en pétrole résultant de ces études de systèmes pétroliers, associée à l'observation d'une compensation des facteurs temps et température, conduisit à utiliser la pyrolyse en laboratoire pour évaluer le potentiel pétrolier restant à produire par le kérogène, et donc, à la construction de l'appareil Rock-Eval. Au milieu des années 1970, les principaux paramètres géochimiques des kérogènes de certaines séries pétrolières de référence étaient disponibles pour la définition des notions de type et de chemin d'évolution des kérogènes au cours de l'enfouissement géologique des sédiments. Un pas important dans la connaissance de la composition chimique du kérogène fut franchi dans les années 1980 avec l'utilisation de nouvelles techniques de pyrolyse analytique et préparative, et leur couplage avec différents détecteurs. Les produits de pyrolyse, considérés comme briques élémentaires issues du craquage thermique du kérogène, pouvaient ainsi être analysés et quantifiés au niveau moléculaire, sans les problèmes de représentativité rencontrés avec l'analyse des extraits naturels et dus aux pertes de composés volatils et de produits ayant migré hors des roches mères. Le développement parallèle de la résonance magnétique nucléaire du 13 C en phase solide permit l'analyse et la quantification des diverses formes du carbone et de son environnement chimique dans le kérogène, ce qui n'était pas possible auparavant sous forme quantitative par la spectroscopie infrarouge ou ultraviolette. L'analyse quantitative des briques moléculaires et des groupes fonctionnels qui les assemblaient dans le kérogène permit ainsi d'élaborer des modèles moléculaires statistiques de kérogènes dans le but de visualiser l'ensemble de leur composition atomiq...

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“…Espitalié et al (1977) and have commented on the Use of the ratio of pyrolysis hydrocarbon yield to organic carbon content as an index of the kerogen's H/C ratio. Bordenave et al (1970) had defined similar ratios, relating the amount of volatile carbon (C F ) to total carbon (Cj). Gransch and Eisma (1970) related the amount of residual carbon after pyrolysis (C R ) to total carbon (C7).…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum-Generating Potential of Sediment in the Gulf of California

Kendrick¹

1982

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Sediments from the Gulf of California contain sufficient amounts of thermally reactive organic matter to be considered fair-to-good potential petroleum source rocks. While sediments deposited within the present oxygen-minimum zone have the greatest amounts of organic matter, those deposited below the oxygen-minimum contain sufficient organic matter to be considered potential source rocks. The organic matter in the sediment is almost exclusively marine, Type II kerogen. Different techniques of determining kerogen composition produce generally compatible answers, although pyrolysis gives somewhat misleading results. Elemental analysis of the kerogen and vitrinite reflectance measurements indicate that the organic matter is not buried to sufficiently great depth for significant petroleum generation, despite the high temperature gradients.

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Influence De l'ORIGINE Des Matières Organiques Et De Leur Degré d'ÉVOLUTION Sur Les Produits De Pyrolyse Du Kérogène

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

The Origin of the Permo‐triassic Gas Accumulations in the Iranian Zagros Foldbelt and Contiguous Offshore Areas: A Review of the Palaeozoic Petroleum System

The Origin of the Permo‐triassic Gas Accumulations in the Iranian Zagros Foldbelt and Contiguous Offshore Areas: A Review of the Palaeozoic Petroleum System

Kerogen: from Types to Models of Chemical Structure

Petroleum-Generating Potential of Sediment in the Gulf of California

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