“…Generally, plasma discharges may act on the flame through thermal, chemical, and electric field effects, affecting diffusive transport of ions as well as the hydrodynamic field. Plasmas have been demonstrated to extend the lean flammability limit of premixed flames [20] by affecting the ignition process. Since plasma produces heat, electrons, long-lifetime intermediate species, radicals, ions, excited molecules, fuel fragments, ionic wind, a large density gradient, and Coulomb and Lorentz force, it can affect ignition and combustion mainly via three different pathways: thermal, kinetic, and transport (including aerodynamic) [14], which often act in combination.…”