Inflow Rate Impact on Hillslope Erosion Processes and Flow Hydrodynamics

Li, Guifang; Zheng, Fenli; Liu, Jia; Xu, Ximeng; Hu, Wei; Han, Yong

doi:10.2136/sssaj2016.02.0025

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…When slope gradient exceeded a certain critical slope, the soil loss rate increased dramatically. The threshold in slope corresponded well with the results on the Loess Plateau (Cheng et al, ; Gong et al, ) and other regions where surface flow governs the water erosion processes (Li et al, ; Poesen et al, ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Upslope inflow had a significant impact on the runoff velocity (Figure and ). Runoff velocity is one of the key factors that influenced flow detachment and transport ability on hillslope EGs (Li et al, ; Mancilla et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upslope inflow into an EG is determined by the upslope drainage area and rainfall characteristics. There has been some research showing that upslope inflow has an important impact on downslope soil erosion processes (Huang et al, ; Li et al, ; Zheng et al, ). Quantification of the upslope inflow contribution to EG erosion is essential but not well described on steep slopes like the Loess Plateau.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upslope inflow, hillslope gradient and rainfall intensity impacts on ephemeral gully erosion

Zheng

Wilson

et al. 2017

Land Degrad Dev

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Ephemeral gullies (EGs) are major contributors to sediment loss and land degradation on cultivated lands. However, the topography and rainfall impacts on EG development processes are still unclear, especially on steep loessial hillslopes such as the Loess Plateau. A series of laboratory rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of topographic characteristics (3 typical slope gradients (S): 26.8%, 36.4%, and 46.6%; and 5 upslope drainage areas (A): 16, 32, 64, 96, and 128 m2) and rainfall intensities (3 representative erosive rainfall intensities 50, 75, and 100 mm hr−1) on EG erosion on a steep loessial hillslope. A large slope adjustable soil pan (8 m‐long, 2 m‐wide, and 0.6 m‐deep) and a side‐sprinkler rainfall simulation system were used in this study. The results showed that soil loss increased when rainfall intensity, slope, and upslope drainage area increased. Upslope topography and inflow had great impacts on downslope EG erosion, and the contribution percentages ranged from 52.2% to 74.1%, from 48.3% to 71.4%, and from 29.5% to 66.7% for the 50, 75, and 100 mm hr−1 rainfall treatments, respectively. Runoff velocities with upslope inflow were 22.7% to 79.4% larger than those without inflow, and the upslope inflow was more effective than rainfall intensity in increasing runoff velocities in EG channels, thus caused more soil erosion. Soil loss equation based on rainfall intensity and AS2 (product of the upslope drainage area and the square of the local slope gradient) was established and validated. The determination coefficient (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (ENS) were 0.80 and 0.87, which showed satisfactory accuracy. This equation can be used to predict the EG erosion in various topographic and rainfall conditions on steep loessial hillslopes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upslope inflow, hillslope gradient and rainfall intensity impacts on ephemeral gully erosion

Zheng

Wilson

et al. 2017

Land Degrad Dev

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“…The bins were filled with sieved (10-mm square aperture sieve), homogenized, air-dried soil (6-10% volumetric water content) collected from the top layer (0-30 cm) of a local jujube orchard in the late autumn, 2014. The bins were filed by packing soil in eight, 10-cm-deep layers to achieve a bulk density of 1.35 g cm -3 , in accordance with the typical value in traditional local jujube orchards (Li et al, 2016b). Each layer was lightly raked before packing the next layer to minimize discontinuities between layers.…”

Section: Establishment Of Experimental Plotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Rate Influences the Soil and Water Conservation Effectiveness of Mulching with Chipped Branches

Pan¹,

Zhao²,

Song³

et al. 2018

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Mulching with chipped, pruned branches (MB) is an effective land management practice to reduce surface runoff and to control soil water erosion. The use of MB has extra advantages such as material availability and a low cost compared with other mulching materials, especially in orchards. To evaluate the impacts of application rates on the ecological and economical effectiveness of MB, a plot-scale soil bin experiment was conducted under two representative rainfall regimes. Five treatments were tested: clear cultivation (CC, bare soil without mulching) and four MB application rates of 0.37, 0.74, 1.11, and 1.48 kg m-2. The application of MB reduced runoff generation by 15.5 to 78.6% and sediment yield by 40.7 to 98.6% compared to CC. From an ecological view, the soil and water conservation performance of MB generally decreased with increasing rainfall intensity and application rate with an exception of 1.48 kg m-2 under the heavy rainfall. Different mechanisms, such as soil surface coverage, rainfall interception by mulching, soil permeability, stability of mulching materials, and rill initiation simultaneously affected the effectiveness of MB. From an economical view, this relationship was more complex. The present study confirmed the necessity of determining the proper mulching application rate in the context of site-specific soil, vegetation, and climatic conditions as well as local social status.

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“…As the hydraulic parameter does not represent an actual measurable soil property [43], the values in models are often acquired through calibration in different regions. Therefore, the quantification of soil erosion based on flow hydraulic parameters varies with different soil conditions [49,50]. The effect of FT influences soil properties such as soil bulk, water-stable aggregate content, soil cohesion, and soil disintegration [5,[51][52][53], and in turn affects the soil erosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the Meltwater Erosion to Runoff Energy Consumption on Loessal Slopes

Hou

et al. 2018

Water

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Soil properties are influenced by freeze-thaw, which in turn influences soil erosion. Despite this, only a few studies have investigated the impacts on soil hydrodynamic processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil freezing conditions on runoff, its energy consumption, and soil erosion. A total of 27 laboratory-concentrated meltwater flow experiments were performed to investigate the soil erosion rate, the runoff energy consumption, and the relationship between the soil erosion rate and runoff energy consumption by concentrated flow under combinations of three flow rates (1, 2, and 4 L/min) and three soil conditions (unfrozen, shallow-thawed, and frozen). The individual and combined effects of soil condition, flow rate, and runoff energy consumption on the soil erosion rate were analyzed. For the same flow rate, the shallow-thawed and frozen slope produced mean values of 3.08 and 4.53 times the average soil erosion rates compared to the unfrozen slope, respectively. The number of rills in the unfrozen soil slope were 4, 3, and 2 under the flow rate of 1, 2, and 4 L/min, respectively. The number of rills in the thawed-shallow and frozen soil slope were all 1 under the flow rate of 1, 2, and 4 L/min. The rill displayed disconnected distribution patterns on the unfrozen slope, but a connected rill occurred on the shallow-thawed and frozen slopes. The average rill width on unfrozen, thawed-shallow, and frozen soil slopes increased by 1.87 cm, 4.38 cm, and 1.68 cm as the flow rate increased from 1 L/min to 4 L/min. There was no significant difference in the rill length on the frozen slope under different flow rates (p > 0.05). The runoff energy consumption ranged from unfrozen > shallow-thawed > frozen slopes at the same flow rate. The soil erosion rate had a linear relationship with runoff energy consumption. The spatial distribution of the runoff energy implied that soil erosion was mainly sourced from the unfrozen down slope, shallow-thawed upper slope, and frozen full slope.

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Inflow Rate Impact on Hillslope Erosion Processes and Flow Hydrodynamics

Cited by 55 publications

References 38 publications

Upslope inflow, hillslope gradient and rainfall intensity impacts on ephemeral gully erosion

Upslope inflow, hillslope gradient and rainfall intensity impacts on ephemeral gully erosion

Application Rate Influences the Soil and Water Conservation Effectiveness of Mulching with Chipped Branches

Response of the Meltwater Erosion to Runoff Energy Consumption on Loessal Slopes

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