“…There are two cases in Example 1. The significant differences between these two cases are that one has a higher permeability and longer wellbore (Case 1a) to represent the high flow rate condition (Al Arfi et al, 2008), and the other has moderate permeability and well length, representing general conditions. A fully penetrating wellbore is assumed in both cases to emphasize the benefits of using an inflow control device, and to separate the partial penetration effect.…”
Inflow Control Device, often referred to as equalizer, is a completion hardware that is deployed as a part of well completions aimed at distributing the inflow evenly. Even though the detail structures vary from one design to another, the principle for different inflow control devices is the same -restrict flow by creating additional pressure drop, and therefore balancing or equalizing wellbore pressure drop to achieve an evenly distributed flow profile along a horizontal well. With a more evenly distributed flow profile, one can reduce water or gas coning, sand production and solve other drawdown related production problems. In general, inflow control devices are not adjustable; once installed in the well, the location of the device and the relationship between rate and pressure drop are fixed. This makes the design of a well completion and inflow control devices extremely critical for production. Inflow control devices can be either beneficial or detrimental to production, strongly depending on the reservoir condition, well structure and completion design. Realizing that reservoir conditions will change during the life of a well, the impact of an inflow control device is a function of time. The inflow control devices sometimes can be overlooked if the design is only based on reservoir flow simulation.In this paper, we will investigate how and when an inflow control device should be used. An integrated analysis method of inflow (reservoir) and outflow (wellbore) is used to generate the flow profile of a horizontal well, and additional frictional pressure drop created by inflow control devices will be considered. Two conditions that result in production problems, wellbore pressure drop and breakthrough of unwanted fluids, will be addressed. The focus will be on when and how an inflow control device can optimize production. Examples at field conditions will be used to illustrate that it is critical to understand the reservoir conditions and wellbore dynamics together when designing a well completion with inflow control devices. Since uncertainty of reservoir condition always exists, backup plans and conservative designs are desirable. The observations from this study show that overdesigned inflow control devices will not just increase the cost of well completion, but also impact the well performance negatively.
“…There are two cases in Example 1. The significant differences between these two cases are that one has a higher permeability and longer wellbore (Case 1a) to represent the high flow rate condition (Al Arfi et al, 2008), and the other has moderate permeability and well length, representing general conditions. A fully penetrating wellbore is assumed in both cases to emphasize the benefits of using an inflow control device, and to separate the partial penetration effect.…”
Inflow Control Device, often referred to as equalizer, is a completion hardware that is deployed as a part of well completions aimed at distributing the inflow evenly. Even though the detail structures vary from one design to another, the principle for different inflow control devices is the same -restrict flow by creating additional pressure drop, and therefore balancing or equalizing wellbore pressure drop to achieve an evenly distributed flow profile along a horizontal well. With a more evenly distributed flow profile, one can reduce water or gas coning, sand production and solve other drawdown related production problems. In general, inflow control devices are not adjustable; once installed in the well, the location of the device and the relationship between rate and pressure drop are fixed. This makes the design of a well completion and inflow control devices extremely critical for production. Inflow control devices can be either beneficial or detrimental to production, strongly depending on the reservoir condition, well structure and completion design. Realizing that reservoir conditions will change during the life of a well, the impact of an inflow control device is a function of time. The inflow control devices sometimes can be overlooked if the design is only based on reservoir flow simulation.In this paper, we will investigate how and when an inflow control device should be used. An integrated analysis method of inflow (reservoir) and outflow (wellbore) is used to generate the flow profile of a horizontal well, and additional frictional pressure drop created by inflow control devices will be considered. Two conditions that result in production problems, wellbore pressure drop and breakthrough of unwanted fluids, will be addressed. The focus will be on when and how an inflow control device can optimize production. Examples at field conditions will be used to illustrate that it is critical to understand the reservoir conditions and wellbore dynamics together when designing a well completion with inflow control devices. Since uncertainty of reservoir condition always exists, backup plans and conservative designs are desirable. The observations from this study show that overdesigned inflow control devices will not just increase the cost of well completion, but also impact the well performance negatively.
Summary
Openhole packers have been shown to be very effective in many different applications, including curing losses, controlling high-permeability zones and fractures, improving equalization in passive- and active-inflow-control-device (ICD) completions, and, most importantly, controlling water and gas production. The use of these tools has increased exponentially in the last few years and will continue to grow. This paper summarizes the most important findings and lessons learned about the role of zonal isolation in advanced horizontal completions.
More than 12 years of experience using reservoir-optimized completions, including passive or active ICDs and openhole packers, in more than 1,000 wells and several tens of different fields around the world has led to the accumulation of best practices and rules of thumb. The approach for openhole packers has changed markedly with time, along with the industry learning about the importance of these tools in advanced horizontal completions.
Important considerations have been generated to design horizontal completions under different fluid properties, reservoir uncertainties, and optimum operational considerations allowing for equalization of flow along the entire length of the horizontal section. These best practices came from extensive run history and lessons learned, and it has been found that openhole packers often play the most critical role for a completion's success. The availability of a wide range of new zonal-isolation tools makes it easier for operators to obtain the best and most-cost-effective solution for each application.
Openhole packers for compartmentalization are key for success in many applications and offer benefits for inflow and annulus flow control. An extremely important consequence is the ability to control gas or water after breakthrough. This has been proved from analyzing a significant amount of production logs post-installation. Actual well-performance data and simulations will be shown to support the discussion and illustrate concepts and findings.
A green field offshore Abu Dhabi is planned to be developed with slanted-horizontal wells (single and dual drains) and an optimized five spot water injection scheme. Three major carbonate reservoirs (2 Jurassic & 1 Cretaceous) will be targeted. Challenges appear in the field development plan due to the high heterogeneous nature of the carbonate reservoirs and fault /fracture network uncertainty. The main challenges are the early water breakthrough mitigation and well drain accessibility. This will be overcomed by utilizing Inflow Control Devices (ICD) coupled with Sliding Sleeve (SSD) to ensure uniform water front displacement across all reservoir layers and control water breakthrough, and Multi-Lateral Tie Back Systems (MLTBS) to allow Coil Tubing (CT) access to the well upper horizontal drains.
This paper describes the workflow that was used to evaluate the benefits of ICD-SSD & MLTBS using sector models, and presents some results. The sector models cover representative areas of the studied reservoirs.
History match using the available dynamic & static data acquired during field appraisal was conducted to calibrate the sector models. The data included well test data (Flowing & Build-up tests), zonal contribution from production logging, and MDT reservoir pressures, where available. Faults / fracture network uncertainty was addressed using "what-if" scenarios.
The study confirmed the potential significant increase in oil recovery by using ICD equipped with SSD. MLTBS providing CT accessibility to the upper drain of the dual lateral wells was shown to positively impact well productivity and oil recovery.
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