Motivated by issues on inflation, a generalized modified gravity model is investigated, where the model Lagrangian is described by a smooth function f (R, K, φ) of the Ricci scalar R, the kinetic term K of a scalar field φ. In particular, the one-loop effective action in the de Sitter background is examined on-shell as well as off-shell in the Landau gauge. In addition, the on-shell quantum equivalence of f (R) gravity in the Jordan and Einstein frames is explicitly demonstrated. Furthermore, we present applications related to the stability of the de Sitter solutions and the one-loop quantum correction to inflation in quantum-corrected R 2 gravity. It is shown that for a certain range of parameters, the spectral index of the curvature perturbations can be consistent with the Planck analysis, but the tensor-to-scalar ratio is smaller than the minimum value within the 1 σ error range of the BICEP2 result.