Inflammatory Skin Conditions

Plaza, Jose A.; Prieto, Víctor G.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3966-2.00048-5

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 306 publications

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“…Acantholysis in HHD has been reported to spare hair follicles, including a study of 54 HHD biopsies in which sub‐infundibular parts of hair follicles and sweat ducts were reportedly spared by acantholysis . Adnexal acantholysis was uncommon in our HHD biopsies (focally present in 18%) and thus has some diagnostic significance in discriminating pemphigus from HHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Distinguishing histopathologic features of acantholytic dermatoses and the pattern of acantholytic hypergranulosis

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Peternel

Adams³

et al. 2018

J Cutan Pathol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Distinguishing histopathologic features of acantholytic dermatoses and the pattern of acantholytic hypergranulosis

See

Peternel

Adams³

et al. 2018

J Cutan Pathol

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“…The histopathological feature described in Fig. 5 is similar to the histopathological feature of the impetigo, the layer of more intense inflammatory cells surrounding infection sites (42). It is most likely that the inefficiency of neutrophils to clear GAS in subcutaneous infections is applicable to GAS-caused impetigo or cellulitis infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Tissue Tropism in Streptococcal Infection: Wild-Type M1T1 Group AStreptococcusIs Efficiently Cleared by Neutrophils Using an NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mechanism in the Lung but Not in the Skin

et al. 2019

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Group AStreptococcus(GAS) commonly causes pharyngitis and skin infections. Little is known why streptococcal pharyngitis usually does not lead to pneumonia and why the skin is a favorite niche for GAS. To partially address these questions, the effectiveness of neutrophils in clearing wild-type (wt) M1T1 GAS strain MGAS2221 from the lung and from the skin was examined in murine models of intratracheal pneumonia and subcutaneous infection. Ninety-nine point seven percent of the MGAS2221 inoculum was cleared from the lungs of C57BL/6J mice at 24 h after inoculation, while there was no MGAS2221 clearance from skin infection sites. The bronchial termini had robust neutrophil infiltration, and depletion of neutrophils abolished MGAS2221 clearance from the lung. Phagocyte NADPH oxidase but not myeloperoxidase was required for MGAS2221 clearance. Thus, wt M1T1 GAS can be cleared by neutrophils using an NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism in the lung. MGAS2221 induced robust neutrophil infiltration at the edge of skin infection sites and throughout infection sites at 24 h and 48 h after inoculation, respectively. Neutrophils within MGAS2221 infection sites had no nuclear staining. Skin infection sites of streptolysin S-deficient MGAS2221 ΔsagAwere full of neutrophils with nuclear staining, whereas MGAS2221 ΔsagAinfection was not cleared. Gp91phoxknockout (KO) and control mice had similar GAS numbers at skin infection sites and similar abilities to select SpeB activity-negative (SpeBA−) variants. These results indicate that phagocyte NADPH oxidase-mediated GAS killing is compromised in the skin. Our findings support a model for GAS skin tropism in which GAS generates an anoxic niche to evade phagocyte NADPH oxidase-mediated clearance.

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“…Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare autosomal‐dominant genodermatosis 1 . It is caused by a mutation in the ATPase calcium‐transporting type 2C member 1 (ATP2C1) gene, which leads to the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in epidermal keratinocytes 2 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is caused by a mutation in the ATPase calcium‐transporting type 2C member 1 (ATP2C1) gene, which leads to the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in epidermal keratinocytes 2 . These cellular changes lead to the characteristic finding of vesicles, blistering and erosive lesions that tend to affect intertriginous areas 1 . Friction, heat and sweat tend to exacerbate the disease 1 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Vesiculobullous Hailey–Hailey’s disease with scarring mimicking a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease and its management with retinoids

et al. 2021

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epidermotropism with massive fibrosis, should be noticed carefully to prevent misdiagnosis.Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas rarely involve the subcutaneous tissue, but it may be secondarily infiltrated by systemic lymphomas. 2 Paulli et al. 2 reported primary CMZL, associated with HCV infection, presenting as subcutaneous nodules resembling lipomas. Chui et al. 3 suggested the possibility of an association between primary subcutaneous MZL and autoimmune diseases. Our first patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis without HCV infection. Therefore, the patient with subcutaneous MZL should be investigated for HCV infection, autoimmune disease, and systemic lymphomas.Epidermotropism has been reported to be associated with several diseases including mycosis fungoides, S ezary syndrome, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 4 Epidermotropism is attributed to the local intraepidermal milieu attracting neoplastic immune cells. 4,5 It has been postulated that interferon-c-induced protein 10, expressed on the keratinocytes and stromal cells of the spleen and bone marrow, attracts neoplastic cells of CMZL with aberrant expression of CXCR3. Therefore, the risk of involvement of the spleen and bone marrow may increase with epidermotropic CMZL. 4 However, a case of epidermotropic CMZL without splenic involvement has been reported as well. 5 Although our second patient showed no evidence of splenic or bone marrow involvement, patients with epidermotropic CMZL should be examined thoroughly to rule out the systemic involvement of MZL.Massive fibrosis found in our second patient is another unusual pathological finding of primary CMZL. It is widely known that Th2 cytokines correlate with the extent of fibrosis in the later stages of scleroderma. 6 Primary CMZL with heavy chain class-switched immunoglobulins (IgG+) is known to be associated with Th2 cytokines contributing to fibrosis. Further, a distinct proportion of primary CMZL with plasmacytic differentiation has been reported to express IgG4. 7 IgG4-related diseases including autoimmune pancreatitis are chronic systemic inflammatory conditions characterized by polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration rich in IgG4-positive cells and various degree of fibrosis. They are known to be related to the Th2-dominant milieu as well. 8 Therefore, massive fibrosis in primary CMZL, seen in our second patient, might be attributable to Th2 cytokines.In conclusion, we report two cases of primary CMZL with unusual histopathology: subcutaneous involvement and epidermotropism with massive fibrosis.

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Inflammatory Skin Conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 306 publications

Distinguishing histopathologic features of acantholytic dermatoses and the pattern of acantholytic hypergranulosis

Distinguishing histopathologic features of acantholytic dermatoses and the pattern of acantholytic hypergranulosis

Tissue Tropism in Streptococcal Infection: Wild-Type M1T1 Group AStreptococcusIs Efficiently Cleared by Neutrophils Using an NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mechanism in the Lung but Not in the Skin

Vesiculobullous Hailey–Hailey’s disease with scarring mimicking a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease and its management with retinoids

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