Inflammatory serum markers and risk and severity of prostate cancer: The PROCA‐<i>life</i> study

Stikbakke, Einar; Richardsen, Elin; Knutsen, Tore; Wilsgaard, Tom; Giovannucci, Edward; McTiernan, Anne; Eggen, Anne Elise; Haugnes, Hege Sagstuen; Thune, Inger

doi:10.1002/ijc.32718

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…They found that inflammatory biomarkers were associated with cancer risk and mortality [18]. Another study showed that in addition to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) being able to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular diseases, increasing concentrations of hs-CRP in serum also correlated with prostate cancer risk and prognosis [19]. Abnormal levels of inflammation-related serum proteins, such as C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1, platelet-derived growth factor subunit B homodimer, interleukin 10, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 21, and CCL 11, were also found to be related to the risk of prostate cancer [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Breast Cancer in Women with Mastitis: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives: Breast cancer is a common cancer in women and has been the fourth leading cause of death in Taiwanese women. Risk factors for breast cancer include family history of breast cancer, genetic factors, and not breastfeeding. Several studies have reported an association between repeated inflammation at a young age, especially among lactating women, and cancer; however, the number of studies about the association of mastitis and breast cancer in nonlactating women is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mastitis in women aged ≥40 years and breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study design. The data source was the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010 (LHID 2010), comprising data collected by Taiwan’s National Health Insurance program. Cases of newly diagnosed mastitis in women aged ≥40 years (ICD-9-CM code = 611.0) were selected from the years 2010 to 2012. Women not diagnosed with mastitis were selected as the control group, and their data for the years 2009 to 2013 were obtained through the database. In addition, the non-mastitis group was matched 1:10 by age. Results: A total of 8634 participants were selected from the LHID 2010, which included 734 cases with mastitis and 7900 cases without mastitis. After adjustment for age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and autoimmune diseases, the Cox proportional hazard model showed that patients with mastitis had a higher risk of breast cancer (aHR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.9–7.02) compared with the non-mastitis group. The Kaplan–Meier curve also showed that women with mastitis had a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Conclusions: This study confirmed that women with mastitis have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Therefore, women aged ≥40 years could reduce breast cancer risk by taking precautions to prevent mammary gland infection and mastitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Breast Cancer in Women with Mastitis: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study

et al. 2020

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“…Because circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important biomarker for low-grade chronic inflammation, the association of this biomarker with the incidence of prostate cancer has been investigated in several observational epidemiological studies. Some prospective studies found a positive association of CRP with risk of prostate cancer ( 4 – 6 ), but others did not provide evidence to support this relationship ( 7 – 11 ). Moreover, because conventional observational studies are susceptible to potential bias such as unmeasured confounders and reverse causality, it remains unclear whether the association of CRP with prostate cancer risk is causal or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Predicted Circulating Level of C-Reactive Protein Is Not Associated With Prostate Cancer Risk

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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Background: Inconsistent findings from observational studies have reported that C-reactive protein (CRP) is likely associated with risk of prostate cancer. Because conventional observational studies are susceptible to confounding and reverse causality, it remains unclear whether there is a causal relationship of CRP with risk of prostate cancer. Methods: In this study, we applied a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to evaluate the potential causal association of circulating CRP levels with prostate cancer risk. Instrumental variables (IVs) and corresponding genetic association estimates for circulating CRP levels were obtained from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) including 204,402 participants of European descent. The genetic association estimates of these IVs with prostate cancer were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis including 79,148 cases and 61,106 controls of European ancestry. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as primary MR analyses, whereas in sensitivity analyses, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test were used to assess the presence of pleiotropy. Odd ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated. Results: Overall, 58 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instruments for circulating CRP levels. MR analysis suggested that genetically determined CRP levels were not associated with prostate cancer risk (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16) using the IVW method. Sensitivity analyses using alternative MR methods produced similar results (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.08 for the weighted-median method; OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.08 for MR-PRESSO test). MR-Egger regression did not suggest evidence of directional pleiotropy (P = 0.25). Conclusion: Our study found that genetically predicted circulating CRP levels were not associated with prostate cancer risk, suggesting that CRP is unlikely to be a causal factor in the development of prostate cancer.

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“…Systemic inflammation is thought to promote carcinogenesis and markers of systemic inflammation may be indicative of increased prostate cancer risk [41,42]. However, in our study,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Racial differences in the systemic inflammatory response to prostate cancer

et al. 2021

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Systemic inflammation may increase risk for prostate cancer progression, but the role it plays in prostate cancer susceptibility is unknown. From a cohort of over 10,000 men who had either a prostate biopsy or transurethral resection that yielded a benign finding, we analyzed 517 incident prostate cancer cases identified during follow-up and 373 controls with one or more white blood cell tests during a follow-up period between one and 18 years. Multilevel, multivariable longitudinal models were fit to two measures of systemic inflammation, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), to determine NLR and MLR trajectories associated with increased risk for prostate cancer. For both measures, we found no significant differences in the trajectories by case/control status, however in modeling NLR trajectories there was a significant interaction between race (white or Black and case-control status. In race specific models, NLR and MLR values were consistently higher over time among white controls than white cases while case-control differences in NLR and MLR trajectories were not apparent among Black men. When cases were classified as aggressive as compared to non-aggressive, the case-control differences in NLR and MLR values over time among white men were most apparent for non-aggressive cases. For NLR among white men, significant case-control differences were observed for the entire duration of observation for men who had inflammation in their initial prostate specimen. It is possible that, among white men, monitoring of NLR and MLR trajectories after an initial negative biopsy may be useful in monitoring prostate cancer risk.

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Inflammatory serum markers and risk and severity of prostate cancer: The PROCA‐life study

Cited by 33 publications

References 47 publications

Risk of Breast Cancer in Women with Mastitis: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study

Risk of Breast Cancer in Women with Mastitis: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study

Genetically Predicted Circulating Level of C-Reactive Protein Is Not Associated With Prostate Cancer Risk

Racial differences in the systemic inflammatory response to prostate cancer

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