Inflammatory Responses After Ischemic Stroke

DeLong, Jonathan H.; Ohashi, Sarah Naomi; O’Connor, Kevin; Sansing, Lauren H

doi:10.1007/s00281-022-00943-7

Cited by 87 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…In the complex interaction network of the gut-microbiome-brain axis, inflammation is inevitably discussed, whether it is through top-down signal transmission or bottom-up reverse regulation. Similarly, inflammation is also a key link in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke [57]. It has been found that an anti-inflammatory intestinal microbiota induced by antibiotic therapy in stroke mice [58] or the transplantation of anti-inflammatory donor gut microbiota into naïve mice through FMT can effectively reduce the infarct volume and maintain sensorimotor function for at least one week after MCAO [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation

Wang

Zhong

Zhu

et al. 2022

J Neuroinflammation

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Background and purpose Stroke is associated with high disability and mortality rates and increases the incidence of organ-related complications. Research has revealed that the outcomes and prognosis of stroke are regulated by the state of the intestinal microbiota. However, the possibility that the manipulation of the intestinal microbiota can alter sex-related stroke outcomes remain unknown. Methods To verify the different effects of microbiota from different sexes on stroke outcomes, we performed mouse fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and established a model of ischemic stroke. Male and female mice received either male or female microbiota through FMT. Ischemic stroke was triggered by MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion), and sham surgery served as a control. Over the next few weeks, the mice underwent neurological evaluation and metabolite and inflammatory level detection, and we collected fecal samples for 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Results We found that when the female mice were not treated with FMT, the microbiota (especially the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio) and the levels of three main metabolites tended to resemble those of male mice after experimental stroke, indicating that stroke can induce an ecological imbalance in the biological community. Through intragastric administration, the gut microbiota of male and female mice was altered to resemble that of the other sex. In general, in female mice after MCAO, the survival rate was increased, the infarct area was reduced, behavioral test performance was improved, the release of beneficial metabolites was promoted and the level of inflammation was mitigated. In contrast, mice that received male microbiota were much more hampered in terms of protection against brain damage and the recovery of neurological function. Conclusion A female-like biological community reduces the level of systemic proinflammatory cytokines after ischemic stroke. Poor stroke outcomes can be positively modulated following supplementation with female gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation

Wang

Zhong

Zhu

et al. 2022

J Neuroinflammation

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“…CI can cause different degrees and types of brain damage, including brain tissue lesions and structural damage, as well as neuronal death and defects ( DeLong et al., 2022 ; Walter, 2022 ). Patients with disorders including AD, motor abnormalities, low intelligence quotient scores, and numerous cognitive deficiencies have been reported to have clinical symptoms of these sorts of impairments ( de Montferrand et al., 2019 ; Waziry et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Cerebral Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles and mechanisms of gut microbiome and metabolome in patients with cerebral infarction

Qian

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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As the most common type of stroke, ischemic stroke, also known as cerebral infarction (CI), with its high mortality and disability rate, has placed a huge burden on social economy and public health. Treatment methods for CI mainly include thrombectomy, thrombolysis, drug therapy, and so on. However, these treatments have certain timeliness and different side effects. In recent years, the gut-brain axis has become a hot topic, and its role in nervous system diseases has been confirmed by increasing evidences. The intestinal microbiota, as an important part of the gut-brain axis, has a non-negligible impact on the progression of CI through mechanisms such as inflammatory response and damage-associated molecular patterns, and changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota can also serve as the basis for predicting CI. At the same time, the diagnosis of CI requires more high-throughput techniques, and the analysis method of metabolomics just fits this demand. This paper reviewed the changes of intestinal microbiota in patients within CI and the effects of the intestinal microbiota on the course of CI, and summarized the therapeutic methods of the intervention with the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, metabolic changes of CI patients were also discussed to reveal the molecular characteristics of CI and to elucidate the potential pathologic pathway of its interference.

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“…Astrocytes overexpress IL-15 following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), allowing large numbers of CD8 + T cells and NK cells to infiltrate the brain, leading to larger infarcts and neuronal defects ( Li et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2018 ). In addition, astrocytes also recruit neutrophils to the brain by secreting CXCL1 after transient MCAO, which may worsen the outcome ( Gelderblom et al, 2012 ; DeLong et al, 2022 ). Simultaneously, astrocytes also produce several anti-inflammation factors, such as the regulator of calcineurin 1 gene isoform 4 (Rcan1.4) and DJ-1 (also known as PARK7) ( Liu et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Circadian Involved In Inflammatory Response After Ischemic S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of circadian clock in astrocytes: From cellular functions to ischemic stroke therapeutic targets

et al. 2022

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Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes, the abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in maintaining the immune response after cerebral infarction, regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), providing nutrients to the neurons, and reuptake of glutamate. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that controls and optimizes biological processes. The central circadian clock and the peripheral clock are consistent, controlled by various circadian components, and participate in the pathophysiological process of astrocytes. Existing evidence shows that circadian rhythm controls the regulation of inflammatory responses by astrocytes in ischemic stroke (IS), regulates the repair of the BBB, and plays an essential role in a series of pathological processes such as neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. In this review, we highlight the importance of astrocytes in IS and discuss the potential role of the circadian clock in influencing astrocyte pathophysiology. A comprehensive understanding of the ability of the circadian clock to regulate astrocytes after stroke will improve our ability to predict the targets and biological functions of the circadian clock and gain insight into the basis of its intervention mechanism.

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Inflammatory Responses After Ischemic Stroke

Cited by 87 publications

References 261 publications

Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation

Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation

The roles and mechanisms of gut microbiome and metabolome in patients with cerebral infarction

The role of circadian clock in astrocytes: From cellular functions to ischemic stroke therapeutic targets

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