“…Given the attention EMVs have received recently for their biomarkers and disease prognostic potential, their distinct phenotype, and their potential to play a therapeutic role (Candelario & Steindler, 2014;Rajendran et al, 2014, for review) efforts have been made to study the role of EMVs in the characterization of disease status and propagation of PD (Alvarez-Erviti et al, 2011;Fraser et al, 2013;Gui, Liu, Zhang, Lv, & Hu, 2015;Loov, Scherzer, Hyman, Breakefield, & Ingelsson, 2016;Tomlinson et al, 2015). Even though neural cells including astrocytes, neurons, and microglia have been well-documented to release EMVs under and/or contributing to different cellular states including lysosomal status, ER stress, and neuroinflammation (Brockmann et al, 2016;Eitan, Suire, Zhang, & Mattson, 2016;Fernandes et al, 2016;Gupta & Pulliam, 2014), the present study began as a proof-of-principle to show that: (a) we can employ methods for isolation of EMVs from iPSCs/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and small sample volumes;…”