Inflammatory potential of diet is associated with cognitive function in an older adult Korean population

Diet and Inflammation in Cognitive Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Cognitive ability at the time of MRI scan visit was measured with a neuropsychological batteryEach unit increase in inflammatory nutrient pattern was significantly associated with 36.8 cm3 smaller total brain volume and 0.21 lower visuospatial z-score.Long-term association between the dietary inflammatory index and cognitive functioning: findings from the SU.VI.MAX study [91] N = 308052.0 ± 4.6 yearsFranceDietary Inflammatory Index (DII) reflecting the overall inflammatory potential of the dietNeuropsychological Evaluation including episodic memory, lexical–semantic memory, short-term and working memoryThere was a strong inverse association observed between a higher DII (reflecting a more inflammatory diet) and overall cognitive functioning. With regard to specific cognitive domains, similar associations were observed with scores reflecting verbal memory, but not executive functioning.Inflammatory potential of diet is associated with cognitive function in an older adult Korean population [92] N = 23974.0 yearsKoreaEnergy adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) reflecting the overall inflammatory potential of the dietKorean-adjusted version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE)E-DII scores were significantly inversely associated with K-MMSE score in both unadjusted and adjusted models, after controlling for confounding variables. Participants in the highest E-DII tertile (reflecting a more inflammatory diet) had increased risk for mild or moderate cognitive impairment compared with those in the lowest E-DII tertile.The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study [93] N = 708571.0 ± 3.9 yearsUSADietary Inflammatory Index (DII) reflecting the overall inflammatory potential of the dietCognitive function was evaluated annually, and MCI and all-cause dementia cases were adjudicated centrallyHigher DII scores (reflecting a more inflammatory diet) were associated with greater cognitive decline and earlier onset of cognitive impairment.Dietary inflammatory index and memory function: population-based national sample of elderly Americans [94] N = 172368.4 ± 0.2 yearsUSADietary Inflammatory Index (DII) reflecting the overall inflammatory potential of the dietConsortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD) Word Learning subset, the Animal Fluency test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)Episodic memory (CERAD), semantic-based memory (Animal Fluency Test) and executive function and working-memory (DSST) performances were lowest among those with the highest mean DII score (reflecting a more inflammatory diet).…”

“…Emerging observational data lend support to systemic inflammation as a driver between diet and neurocognition (Table 2 ). High pro-inflammatory dietary scores have been linked with poor cognitive performance [ 91 , 94 ] and cognitive impairment [ 92 , 93 ]. Moreover, a proinflammatory dietary pattern, based on circulating IL-6 and characterised by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, peas and legumes, and fried food, and lower intake of whole grains has been associated with accelerated cognitive decline [ 89 ], while an inflammatory nutrient pattern derived from IL-6 and CRP levels and characterised by low intake of calcium, antioxidant vitamins, omega-3 and high intake of cholesterol, has been inversely associated with brain volume and cognitive function [ 90 ].…”

“…With regard to specific cognitive domains, similar associations were observed with scores reflecting verbal memory, but not executive functioning. Inflammatory potential of diet is associated with cognitive function in an older adult Korean population [ 92 ] N = 239 74.0 years Korea Energy adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) reflecting the overall inflammatory potential of the diet Korean-adjusted version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) E-DII scores were significantly inversely associated with K-MMSE score in both unadjusted and adjusted models, after controlling for confounding variables. Participants in the highest E-DII tertile (reflecting a more inflammatory diet) had increased risk for mild or moderate cognitive impairment compared with those in the lowest E-DII tertile.…”

Perspective: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)—Lessons Learned, Improvements Made, and Future Directions

“…We have now used the E-DII in 16 publications (53,56,66,87,(111)(112)(113)(114)(115)(116)(117)(118)(119)(120)(121)(122) in which its use improved prediction in comparison to unadjusted DII scores.…”

A Pro-Inflammatory Diet Is Associated With an Increased Odds of Depression Symptoms Among Iranian Female Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…DII has previously been shown to be associated with various inflammatory markers in different populations (23–28) including among Iranians (29, 30). With respect to health outcomes, DII was significantly associated with different health outcomes ranging from cardiovascular diseases (31–33), cancer (34–37), overall and disease-specific mortality (38–42) to various mental health disorders (43–47). Previously, DII has been shown to be associated with depression in various studies conducted in Western population (48–53) but no study has been conducted in Iran whose dietary habits and culture are very different from Western populations.…”