Inflammatory Potential of Diet Is Associated with Biomarkers Levels of Inflammation and Cognitive Function among Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

In postmenopausal women (PW), estrogen depletion may predispose to cognitive decline through an increased risk of chronic inflammation. Unhealthy diets also appear to have an impact on the cognitive health of these women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory potential of the diet, levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and cognitive function in PW. In a population of 222 PW, energy intake-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) was used to assess the dietary inflammatory potential. Cognitive function was estimated using the Polish version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), corrected by age and educational level. Selected biochemical inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, CRP; interleukin-6, IL-6; and tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α) were measured by ELISA tests. PW with an anti-inflammatory diet (first tercile) had significantly higher MMSE, while BMI, percentage fat mass and TNFα concentration were significantly lower compared to those with the most proinflammatory diets (third tercile). Women with cognitive impairment had significantly higher IL-6 concentrations (4.1 (0.8) pg/mL vs. 2.5 (0.2) pg/mL, p = 0.004), and were less educated (12.7 (0.7) years vs. 14.1 (0.2) years, p = 0.03) and less physically active compared to cognitively normal women. PW with the most proinflammatory diets had increased odds of cognitive impairment compared to those with the most anti-inflammatory diets, even after adjustment (OR = 11.10, 95% confidence level; 95%CI: 2.22; 55.56; p = 0.002). Each one-point increase in E-DII (as a continuous value) was also associated with 1.55-times greater odds of cognitive impairment (95%Cl: 1.19; 2.02 p = 0.003) in this population. Dietary inflammation may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in PW, but future studies should include a more sensitive battery of tests to assess cognitive function in this population. Implementation of an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern in PW may help prevent cognitive decline.

Q‐Dixon and GRAPPATINI T2 Mapping Parameters: A Whole Spinal Assessment of the Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

“…30 The presence of estrogen likewise inhibits the formation of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. 31 Risbud and Shapiro reported more IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in herniated IVD tissue than in normal IVD tissue. 32 The increase in inflammatory factors in herniated IVD tissue disturbs the balance between the synthesis and breakdown of the IVD matrix, leading to a reduced proteoglycan content, dehydration, matrix breakdown, and calcification 33 and thereby resulting in lower T2 values.…”

“…During the progression of osteoporosis, inflammatory factors such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) are involved in osteogenesis and osteolysis 30 . The presence of estrogen likewise inhibits the formation of IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α 31 . Risbud and Shapiro reported more IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in herniated IVD tissue than in normal IVD tissue 32 .…”

Association between dietary inflammatory index and cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis

“…A total of 9 studies met inclusion criteria, which contained 19,379 subjects (Hayden et al, 2017;Shin et al, 2018;Charisis et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Skoczek-Rubińska et al, 2021a; FIGURE Meta-analysis results of higher DII for the risk of cognitive impairment. Zhang et al, 2021;Song et al, 2022;Sun et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2022).…”

The Relationship Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Anti-Inflammatory/Pro-Inflammatory Nutrients in the Elderly in Northern China: A Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression Approach

“…Kernel machine regression is a famous device in laptop learning, which flexibly simulates the relationship between a giant wide variety of variables to a particular result, by way of mapping or projecting one records sequence to every other in a one-to-one manner. 34 BKMR can flexibly mannequin publicity to get to the bottom of interplay and nonlinear relationships. The mannequin used in this learn about is below:…”