Inflammatory phenotypes in the intestine of poultry: not all inflammation is created equal

Kogut, Michael H.; Genovese, Kenneth J.; Swaggerty, Christina L.; He, Haiqi; Broom, Leon J.

doi:10.3382/ps/pey087

Cited by 82 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the selective process applied to HB birds may have increased their voluntary feed ingestion capacity probably beyond their digestive functionality, leading to an increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the gut. A similar scenario has been recently defined by Kogut, Genovese, Swaggerty, He, and Broom () as “metabolic inflammation,” which represents a chronic low‐grade inflammation triggered by the excessive nutrient intake and the metabolic surplus which may occur in modern fast‐growing broiler lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Differences in productive performance and intestinal transcriptomic profile in two modern fast‐growing chicken hybrids

Zampiga

Bertocchi

Bosi

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study aimed to characterize growth performance and ileum transcriptomic profile of two fast‐growing chicken hybrids (HA and HB). A total of 1,170 one‐day‐old female chicks (n = 585 per genotype) were weighed and randomly divided into 18 pens (9 replications/group). Both the groups received the same commercial diet (starter, 0–9 days; grower I, 10–21 days; grower II, 22–34 days; and finisher, 35–43 days). Body weight (BW), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined on a pen basis at the end of each feeding phase. At the processing (43 days), incidence of footpad dermatitis (FPD) was evaluated on all the birds and ileum mucosa was collected from 1 bird/replication. Total mRNA was extracted to perform microarray analysis (Chicken Gene 1.1ST Array Strip), and an exploratory pathway analysis was then conducted (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis software). The two genotypes showed different growth patterns throughout the study. HA birds exhibited higher BW and better FCR than HB after 9 days (228 vs. 217 g and 1.352 vs. 1.419, respectively, p < 0.05). At 21, 34 and 43 days, HB birds reported higher BW (807 vs. 772 g; 1,930 vs. 1,857 g and 2,734 vs. 2,607 g, respectively; p < 0.01), DFI (74.9 vs. 70.6 g bird−1 day−1, p < 0.01; 144.4 vs. 139.6 g bird−1 day−1, p = 0.06; and 196.5 vs. 182.4 g bird−1 day−1, p < 0.01) and similar FCR compared to HA ones. HB group showed a higher percentage of birds with no FPD (75% vs. 48%; p < 0.001). Transcriptomic analysis revealed enriched gene sets for mitochondria, cellular energy metabolism, and cell structure and integrity in ileum mucosa of HA broilers and enriched gene sets for immune system activation, cell signalling and inflammation in HB ones. In conclusion, these results indicated that the two chicken genotypes are characterized by different growth patterns, feeding behaviour and gene expression profiles in the intestinal mucosa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Differences in productive performance and intestinal transcriptomic profile in two modern fast‐growing chicken hybrids

Zampiga

Bertocchi

Bosi

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…in response to GOS are accompanied by changes in the expression of cytokines and chemokines that have the potential to prime innate intestinal immune systems and enhance pathogen resistance. However, unchecked low-grade proinflammatory responses can cause tissue damage and inefficient feed conversion (55). Lactic acid, for example, is a by-product of glycolytic pathway of immune cells that can affect local T cell immunity by inhibiting T cell motility, and inducing the change of CD4+ cells to a Th17 pro-inflammatory T cell subset, which leads to IL-17 production and chronic inflammation (56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler chicken performance

Richards

Lafontaine

Connerton

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Improvements in growth performance and health are key goals in broiler chicken production. Inclusion of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in broiler feed enhanced the growth rate and feed conversion of chickens relative to a calorie-matched control diet. Comparison of the cecal microbiota identified key differences in abundance of Lactobacillus spp. Increased levels of L. johnsonii in GOS-fed juvenile birds at the expense of L. crispatus was linked to improved performance (growth rate and market weight). Investigation of the innate immune responses highlighted increases of ileal and cecal IL-17A gene expression counterposed to a decrease in IL-10 and IL-17F. Quantification of the autochthonous Lactobacillus ssp. revealed a correlation between bird performance and L. johnsonii abundance. Shifts in the cecal populations of key Lactobacillus spp. of juvenile birds primed intestinal innate immunity without harmful pathogen challenge. IMPORTANCEImprovements in the growth rate of broiler chickens can be achieved through dietary manipulation of the naturally occurring bacterial populations whilst mitigating the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters. Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are manufactured as a by-product of dairy cheese production, which can be incorporated in the diets of juvenile chickens to improve their health and performance. This study investigates the key mechanisms behind this progression and pin points L. johnsonii as a key species that facilitates the enhancements in growth rate and gut health. It also relates the role of the innate immune system in the response to the GOS diet.in the PCR reaction and converted into genome copy number per gram of cecal content based on the mass of cecal material and elution volume applied for DNA extraction.Data and Statistical Analysis. For the microbiota -diversity analysis Bray Curtis distances were tested for significance using AMOVA implemented within Mothur (79). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to identify differentially abundant OTUs (82) and implemented within Mothur (79). Data processing and ordination were performed using R (R Development Core Team, 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0; URL http://www.R-project.org ; 83). With the exception of Figure S2 all figures were drawn using R version 3.5.3 (2019-03-11) in Rstudio 1.1 (84,85). R scripts used to draw figures are available at: https://github.com/PJRichards/Richards_GOS_broiler. Significance tests of heterophil counts, villus and crypt measurements were performed using single-factor ANOVA with p < 0.05 used as the level significance. Non-normally distributed gene expression data were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Data Availability. The genome DNA sequences of L. crispatus DC21.1 appear in the NCBI database under the accession numbers CP039266-CP039267.The genome DNA sequences L. johnsonii DC22.2 appear in the NCBI database under the access...

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“…However, as excellently reviewed by Reese and Dunn [18], livestock can have high performance with low-diverse GIT microbiota. This prediction is supported by the notion that the host immune system may limit microbial diversity, given that not all microbes are beneficial [19]. In addition, the overabundance of high-functioning commensal bacteria may lead to a low level of diversity in the intestinal ecosystem [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effectiveness of probiotic-based formulations on cecal microbiota modulation in broilers

Rodrigues

Briggs

Duff

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractThe potential of probiotics to manipulate the intestinal microbial ecosystem toward commensal bacteria growth offers great hope for enhancing health and performance in poultry. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of five probiotic-based formulations in modulating cecal microbiota in broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. Probiotics investigated included a synbiotic (SYNBIO), a yeast-based probiotic (YEAST), and three single-strain formulations of spore-forming Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SINGLE1), B. subtilis (SINGLE2) and B. licheniformis (SINGLE3). Metagenomics analyses showed that the cecal microbiota of SINGLE, YEAST, and MULTI supplemented birds had low diversity compared to the control diet without probiotics (CON) at 21d. At the same age, birds fed SYNBIO had a high population of Lactobacillus salivarus and Lachnospiraceae, which was reflected in a singular microbial community illustrated by beta-diversity analyses. By 42d, there were no differences in alpha or beta-diversity in the microbiota of probiotic-treated broilers compared to CON. Birds treated with SINGLE2 had a lower abundance of lactic acid bacteria, while a higher (p<0.05) population of unidentified Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Although the investigated probiotic formulations shared similar taxonomy, modulation of microbiota was not a core outcome for all probiotic-treated broilers indicating the success of microbiota-based intervention may ultimately be dependent on probiotic mixture and broiler’s age.

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Inflammatory phenotypes in the intestine of poultry: not all inflammation is created equal

Cited by 82 publications

References 78 publications

Differences in productive performance and intestinal transcriptomic profile in two modern fast‐growing chicken hybrids

Differences in productive performance and intestinal transcriptomic profile in two modern fast‐growing chicken hybrids

Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler chicken performance

Comparative effectiveness of probiotic-based formulations on cecal microbiota modulation in broilers

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