Inflammatory mediators: Parallels between cancer biology and stem cell therapy

Abstract

Infl ammation encompasses diverse molecular pathways, and it is intertwined with a wide array of biological processes. Recently, there has been an upsurge of interest in the interactions between mediators of infl ammation and other cells such as stem cells and cancer cells. Since tissue injuries are associated with the release of infl ammatory mediators, it would be diffi cult to address this subject without considering the implications of their systemic effects. In this review, we discuss the effects of infl ammatory reactions on stem cells and extrapolate on information pertaining to cancer biology. The discussion focuses on integrins and cytokines, and identifi es the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) as central to the infl ammatory response. Since stem cell therapy has been proposed for type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, pulmonary edema, these disorders are used as examples to discuss the roles of infl ammatory mediators. We propose prospects for future research on targeting the NFκB signaling pathway. Finally, we explore the bridge between infl ammation and stem cells, including neural stem cells and adult stem cells from the bone marrow. The implications of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine as pertaining to infl ammation are vast based on their anti-infl ammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Such features of stem cells offer great potential for therapy in graft-versus-host disease, conditions with a signifi cant infl ammatory component, and tissue regeneration.

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