Inflammatory Mediators in Postoperative Aphakic and Pseudophakic Baboon Eyes

Miyake, Kensaku; Mibu, Hiroyuki; Horiguchi, Masayuki; Shirasawa, Eiichi

doi:10.1001/archopht.1990.01070140118041

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Meanwhile, other risks of topical steroids have become known, such as elevation of intraocular pressure, activation of ocular infection, worsening of viral infection and the development of cataract itself [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. A better understanding of ocular and postsurgical inflammation, especially the breakdown of cell membrane phospholipids and the inhibitory potency of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substances, brought these drugs (NSAIDs) into the field of interest [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Ophthalmology

Schalnus

2003

Ophthalmologica

142

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Topically applied nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in the management and prevention of ocular inflammation and cystoid macular edema related to cataract surgery and the maintenance of mydriasis during cataract surgery. Other common uses are the reduction of discomfort after refractive surgery or in allergic conjunctivitis. NSAIDs primarily act as cyclooxygenase inhibitors and thus reduce the formation of endogenous PGs. Today, several NSAIDs are commercially available: diclofenac, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac and suprofen. At present the ophthalmologist has to make a decision between the use of topical corticosteroids, with their potential adverse effects, or of topical NSAIDs, with their possibly increased benefit, unknown effect on ocular pressure, wound healing and corneal tissue, higher costs and limited track record. However, the improvement of surgical techniques might support an increasing use of NSAIDs in the future. Preoperative anti-inflammatory treatment should be considered in eyes at a higher risk of developing severe postoperative inflammatory reactions. This decision has to be made carefully and has to be guided by the clinical circumstances, the spectrum of diagnosis and the individual benefit-risk ratio of each patient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Ophthalmology

Schalnus

2003

Ophthalmologica

142

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“…It has been reported that the cause of CME is multifactorial including the release of bioactive substances such as prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors following cataract surgery [12][13][14] . We therefore proposed that the onset of CME after cataract surgery may relate to oxidative stress in the retina due to the following : 1 the retina absorbs short wavelength UV and blue light leading to a photochemical reaction that generates reactive oxygen species ROS 15 , and resultant oxidative stress ; 2 ROS activate transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B 16 and mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK , and thereby increase cycloxygenase-2 activity ; 3 these transcription factors then upregulate the cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF 17 and interleukin-1 beta IL-1 beta 18 , as well as prostaglandins in the retina ; and then, 4 these biologically active compounds disrupt the tight junctions by inhibiting de novo synthesis of the required component proteins, leading to macular edema 19,20 Gass et al 1 showed regression of edema in 50% of CME patients 6 months after cataract surgery and in 20% of patients between 1 and 3 years, with 30% of patients showing no improvement in 3 or more years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Blue Light Filtering Intraocular Lens on Macular Edema

Ueda

Taguchi

Nakanishi–Ueda³

et al. 2011

Showa Univ J Med Sci

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IntroductionCystoid macular edema CME was reported as Irvine-Gass syndrome in 1969 1 .Implanting an ultraviolet UV -ltering intraocular lens UV-ltering IOL instead of the previously used UV-transmitting IOL reduced the incidence of CME after cataract surgery 2 ; however, this solution is not completely effective and the problem of CME remains [3][4][5] . Even after small-incision cataract surgery, the incidence of angiographic macular edema ME with no visual impairment was recently reported at 10-30% of patients 6 .In 1994, a blue light and ultraviolet cut-off ltering intraocular lens blue-ltering IOL was developed to prevent cyanopsia after cataract surgery 8 . Basic studies of retinal pigment epithelial cells 9 and animal experiments 10, 11 demonstrated that such IOLs had a protective effect on the retina. A blue-filtering IOL might therefore also decrease the incidence of CME compared with the UV-ltering IOL, and this hypothesis was supported by a retrospective clinical study by Miyake et al 7 showing prevention of CME using the The Effect of a Blue Light Filtering Intraocular Lens on Macular EdemaToshihiko UEDA 1 , Yoko TAGUCHI 1 , Takako NAKANISHI-UEDA 2 , Masahiko TSUKAHARA 1 , Yukiko MOTOMIYA 1 and Ryohei KOIDE 1Abstract : This study sought to compare the effects of either a blue lightfiltering intraocular lens blue-filtering IOL or an ultraviolet light-filtering intraocular lens UV-ltering IOL on the incidence of angiographic macular edema ME 3 and 12 months after implantation. A prospective randomized parallel clinical study was performed at Showa University Hospital. Forty-ve cataract patients randomly received either a blue-ltering IOL n = 21 or a UV-ltering IOL n = 24 , and macular leakage was evaluated by uorescence angiography. At 3 months, ME was 24% in the blue-and 25% in the UVltering IOL group. At 12 months, ME was 5% in the blue-and 21% in the UV-ltering IOL group. The recovery rate in the blue-ltering IOL group was higher than in the UV-ltering IOL group at 12 months after surgery P = 0.0457 . These results suggested that an implanted blue-ltering IOL is more effective for recovery of ME than a UV-ltering IOL.

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“…Although the major form of TGF-ß present in the normal aqueous humor is TGF-ß 2 [10], it is possible that an isoform such as TGF-ß 1 or TGF-ß 3 contributes to gel contraction. In addition, a variety of chemical mediators and cytokines are involved in the inflammation following cataract surgery [29]. The contraction of the collagen gels depends on matrix remodeling [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rabbit Aqueous Humor Obtained after Cataract Surgery on Collagen Gel Contraction Induced by Bovine Lens Epithelial Cells

Kurosaka

Katô²,

Oshima³

et al. 2000

Ophthalmic Res

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We evaluated the effect of specimens of pre- and postoperative aqueous humor on the contraction of collagen gels, and the effect of transforming growth factor-β₂ (TGF-β₂) in postoperative aqueous humor. Rabbit aqueous humor was collected preoperatively and on postoperative day 7. Bovine lens epithelial cells (LECs) were cultured in collagen gel in F-12 nutrient mixture supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum that contained 10% aqueous humor obtained under various conditions. Gel area was determined on day 4. Gels cultured with the medium that contained phosphate-buffered saline showed a statistically significant contraction after 4 days. Aqueous humor from aphakic or pseudophakic eyes significantly increased contraction, with both specimens having a similar effect. Approximately 60% of the contractile effect of the postoperative aqueous humor was neutralized by anti-TGF-β₂ antibody. However, the promoting effect of the aqueous humor sampled postoperatively was less than that sampled preoperatively. Although the aqueous humor obtained postoperatively increased the contractility of the LECs, with the level of TGF-β₂ apparently responsible for much of its effect, the effect was less than that observed in the aqueous humor obtained preoperatively.

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Inflammatory Mediators in Postoperative Aphakic and Pseudophakic Baboon Eyes

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Ophthalmology

Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Ophthalmology

The Effect of a Blue Light Filtering Intraocular Lens on Macular Edema

Effect of Rabbit Aqueous Humor Obtained after Cataract Surgery on Collagen Gel Contraction Induced by Bovine Lens Epithelial Cells

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