Inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from children with and without asthma

Ennis, Madeleine; Turner, G. Grey; Schock, Bettina; Stevenson, E.C.; Brown, Vanessa; Fitch, P.S.; Heaney, Liam G.; Taylor, Robert H.; Shields, Michael

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00507.x

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Over the past few years flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy has been used with increasing frequency and become an important tool in the investigation of infants and children with airway disease [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Using this technology, the present study has shown that the eosinophil-activating chemokines RANTES, MCPs-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 are associated with the recruitment of eosinophils into the airways of asthmatic children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In a separate study, analysis of induced sputum from children with acute asthma revealed that neutrophil inflammation is often associated with acute exacerbations while eosinophil infiltration is a reflection of the chronicity of the disease [14]. Although the mechanisms by which neutrophils are recruited are not fully understood, airway neutrophilia has been associated with the release of the potent neutrophil attractants IL-8 and leukotriene (LT)B 4 [9,13,14]. Similarly, it has previously been shown that IL-8 is associated with neutrophil activation in virus-induced exacerbations of asthma [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, several studies have shown that inflammatory changes occur in the airways of children with mild asthma. These changes assist in the recruitment of leukocytes, including eosinophils, and neutrophils [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Neutrophil recruitment into the airways of asthmatic children has been associated with the release of the potent neutrophil attractant interleukin (IL)-8 [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of the chemokines RANTES, monocyte chemotactic proteins-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 in childhood asthma

Rojas‐Ramos¹,

Avalos²,

Pérez-Fernandez³

et al. 2003

European Respiratory Journal

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Eosinophil recruitment into the airways is a feature of asthma in children. However, the mechanisms by which these cells migrate into the airways are not fully understood. The present study investigated the presence of the eosinophilactivating chemokines regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP)-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from both asthmatic (n=10, age 6-10 yrs) and normal children (n=10, age 5-10 yrs).Measurements of chemokines in BAL fluid showed that levels of RANTES, MCPs-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 were significantly increased in fluid obtained from asthmatic children when compared with normal children. Among the different chemokines, RANTES was the cytokine released in greatest quantities in BAL fluid from asthmatic children. There was a significant correlation between the concentrations of MCP-4 and eosinophil numbers in BAL fluid and a trend between both chemokines MCP-3 and eotaxin-2 and eosinophils.Interestingly, the levels of most chemokines correlated with one another. These findings suggest that RANTES monocyte chemotactic proteins-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 may regulate eosinophil trafficking into the airways of asthmatic children in a coordinated manner. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 310-316.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the chemokines RANTES, monocyte chemotactic proteins-3 and -4, and eotaxins-1 and -2 in childhood asthma

Rojas‐Ramos¹,

Avalos²,

Pérez-Fernandez³

et al. 2003

European Respiratory Journal

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“…Children with chronic cough, without wheeze, due to cough variant asthma should exhibit airway inflammation similar to known atopic asthmatics, who have increased eosinophils and mast cells in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) [11] and increased concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and histamine in BAL [12]. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cell composition and inflammatory mediators within the airways of children with chronic cough and compare the results with the population of normal nonatopic children and atopic asthmatics, who had undergone lavage for both this and previous studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic cough in children: bronchoalveolar lavage findings

Fitch¹,

Brown²,

Schock³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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Isolated chronic cough in childhood is a common complaint. Although the symptom cough is included in the definition of childhood asthma, there is debate as to whether the majority of these children have asthma. The authors studied children with isolated chronic cough looking for evidence of airway inflammation typical of asthma, with increased numbers of airway eosinophils as assessed from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).The investigations were carried out on 23 children (median age: 6.7 yrs; (range: 1.7±12.75 yrs), attending the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children for elective surgery, who also had a chronic unexplained cough. Written informed consent was obtained from the parent(s) and a nonbronchoscopic BAL was performed. BAL samples were analysed for total and differential white cell counts and also for the inflammatory mediators, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and histamine. Results were compared with a group of normal nonatopic children and also a group of atopic asthmatic children, who had been recruited for other studies on airway inflammation.There was a small but statistically significant increase in BAL percentage eosinophils in the children with chronic cough compared with nonasthmatic controls (0.28% versus 0.10%, p=0.03). However, the children with cough had lower percentage eosinophils than the atopic asthmatic controls (0.28% versus 0.66%, p=0.01). Three out of 23 children with chronic cough had BAL eosinophils greater than the normal upper 95% reference interval in BAL. There was a small but statistically significant increase in percentage neutrophils in the children with cough compared with the nonasthmatic controls (5.85% versus 3.21%, p=0.03). Four out of the 23 children had BAL neutrophils greater than the normal upper 95% reference interval in BAL.The authors conclude that only a minority of children with chronic unexplained cough have asthmatic-type airway inflammation. It is speculated that the increased percentage neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage from children with cough could relate to underlying persistent airways infection.

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“…In one of these studies a nonbronchoscopic procedure was used to collect BAL fluid from children undergoing surgery under a general anesthetic (5). Further studies from this group showed that eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were significantly higher in BAL fluid collected during asymptomatic periods from subjects with atopic asthma than in normal control subjects (6). This suggests that in the airway eosinophils in children with atopic asthma are activated even in the absence of ongoing clinical symptoms.…”

Section: What Do We Know?mentioning

confidence: 97%