Inflammatory mediation of the relationship between early adversity and major depressive disorder: A systematic review

Maayan, Lawrence; Maayan, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.025

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Although the exact cause of OCD is unknown, there is growing evidence that a large proportion of OCD cases are linked to inflammation and, thus, inflammation may play a role in some cases of OCD pathophysiology, including alterations in peripheral immune cell populations, alterations in peripheral cytokines, and neuroinflammation (Attwells et al., 2017; Meyer, 2021; Rao et al., 2015; Rodríguez et al., 2019). Of note, other neuropsychiatric disorders have also been associated with inflammation, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) (Ai et al., 2023; Maayan & Maayan, 2024; Yang et al., 2018), bipolar disorder (Ai et al., 2023; Misiak et al., 2020; Solmi et al., 2021), schizophrenia (Ai et al., 2023; Marques et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2021), and Alzheimer's disease (Su et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021). Although the link between autoimmunity and OCD remains a topic of ongoing debate, an association was observed in the 1990s with some cases of streptococcal infections leading to the onset of OCD symptoms (Swedo et al., 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A literature review and hypothesis‐based potential of transcranial photobiomodulation

Coelho,

Salvi,

Vieira

et al. 2024

J of Neuroscience Research

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric disorder that affects about 2%–3% of the global population. Despite the availability of several treatments, many patients with OCD do not respond adequately, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have associated various inflammatory processes with the pathogenesis of OCD, including alterations in peripheral immune cells, alterations in cytokine levels, and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that inflammation could be a promising target for intervention. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t‐PBM) with near‐infrared light is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has shown potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its efficacy in OCD remains to be fully explored. This study aimed to review the literature on inflammation in OCD, detailing associations with T‐cell populations, monocytes, NLRP3 inflammasome components, microglial activation, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, CRP, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. We also examined the hypothesis‐based potential of t‐PBM in targeting these inflammatory pathways of OCD, focusing on mechanisms such as modulation of oxidative stress, regulation of immune cell function, reduction of proinflammatory cytokine levels, deactivation of neurotoxic microglia, and upregulation of BDNF gene expression. Our review suggests that t‐PBM could be a promising, noninvasive intervention for OCD, with the potential to modulate underlying inflammatory processes. Future research should focus on randomized clinical trials to assess t‐PBM's efficacy and optimal treatment parameters in OCD. Biomarker analyses and neuroimaging studies will be important in understanding the relationship between inflammatory modulation and OCD symptom improvement following t‐PBM sessions.

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