Inflammatory mechanisms of Ginkgo Biloba extract in improving memory functions through lncRNA‐COX2/NF‐κB pathway in mice with status epilepticus

Abstract

Purpose: This study was to explore whether Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) improve memory impairment by alleviating neuroinflammation signaling in mice with status epilepticus. Methods:The status epilepticus (SE) mice model was established by pilocarpine and treated with 100 mg / kg of GBE for 14 days. Spontaneous alternation of Y-maze and new object recognition were used to explore memory impairment. To examine glial cell activation, we performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The activation of NF-κB signaling and the expression level of lncRNA-COX2 were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. Adeno-associated virus lncRNA-COX2 was injected into mice for overexpression of lncRNA-COX2.Results: After GBE treatment, the spontaneous alternation rate and the recognition coefficient in SE mice were both increased. Moreover, activation of glial cells, NF-κB signaling and lncRNA-COX2 were significantly decreased in SE mice.In the GBE-treated SE mice with lncRNA-COX2 overexpression, NF-κB signaling was up-regulated again; the reduced level of inflammation factors was reversed; the GBErescued spontaneous alternation rate of Y-maze was eliminated. Conclusion:Our results suggested that GBE reduces the hippocampal inflammation by down-regulating lncRNA-COX2 / NF-κB signaling in the SE mice, leading to the decrease of neuronal damage and the improvement of memory functions.

Network pharmacology-based approach to elucidate the pharmacologic mechanisms of natural compounds from Dictyostelium discoideum for Alzheimer's disease treatment

“… 1 Allium sativum . (plant) AGE (Aged Garlic Extract) Aβ (25–35)-induced PC12 cells Reduced levels of ROS, caspase-3 activity, and PARP cleavage [ 7 ] 2 Ginkgo biloba (plant) GBE (Ginkgo biloba extract) AD Rat model Anti-inflammatory properties, ameliorating the cognitive and memory impairment [ 8 ] 3 Angelica gigas (plant) Ethanolic extract INM-176 Scopolamine- or Aβ (1–42)-induced mice Increase AChE inhibiting activity [ 9 ] 4 Crocus sativus (plant) Root extract AD mice model Increase anti-inflammatory activity [ 10 ] Human trail (20 patients) Enhanced cognition and memory in AD patient 5 Camellia sinensis (plant) Epigallocatechin-3- gallate (EGCG) TgCRND8 (Tg) mice Enhanced brain health and slowed AD progression. [ 11 ] Aβ (1–42)-injected mouse, PS2 mutant AD mice Increased α-secretase, reduced β- and γ-secretase, and decreased Aβ.…”