Inflammatory mechanism of Rumenitis in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis

Zhao, Chenxu; Liu, Zhaoxi; Li, Xiaobing; Guan, Yuan; Wang, Shaobin; Xue, Yan; Sun, Guozhe; Wang, Zhe; Li, Xinwei

doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1463-7

Cited by 86 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Although plasma LPS was not measured in the current study, the upregulated TLR4 expression indicates the possibility that LPS was involved in the inflammatory response of OF-induced ARA. The presence of LPS in the blood has been shown in experimentally induced SARA (5)(6)(7). It has also been shown that plasma LPS was increased 8 h after OF overload and declined after 12 h in horses (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In addition to lactate, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has also been considered to be a major factor in the development of ruminal acidosis. LPS is generally assumed to be translocated into the blood stream during experimentally induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (5)(6)(7). These substances cause systemic inflammatory responses, but dynamic changes of innate immunity still remain unclear in ARA, particularly the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic ROS Production and Gene Expression of Heifers Blood Neutrophil in a Oligofructose Overload Model

Ding

Jiang

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Alimentary oligofructose (OF) overload can induce several diseases in cattle, such as ruminal acidosis, laminitis, and synovitis. The role of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) remains unclear during OF overload. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression profile of genes in blood PMN in a model of OF overload. Twelve clinically healthy and non-pregnant Chinese Holstein heifers, aged between 18 and 26 mo, weighing 335-403 kg, BCS (5-point scale) ranges 2.7-3.3 were used for the experiments. OF heifers (n = 6) received 17 g/kg of BW oligofructose dissolved in 2 L/100 kg of BW tap water and the CON heifers (n = 6) received 2 L/100 kg of BW tap water. Blood PMN was isolated for each heifer 0,6,12,18,24,36, 48, 60, and 72 h after administration. PMN was analyzed either by endogenous and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced ROS production or by quantitative real-time PCR. After 12 h, PMA-induced ROS production decreased, which was sustained until 48 h. The expressions of inflammation markers (IL1α, IL1β, IL6, IL10, TNFα, STAT3, TLR4, MMP9, and HP) and eicosanoids (ALOX5, ALOX5AP, and PLA2G4A) were upregulated. The expression of adhesion and migration (CXCR2, CXCL8, CD62L, ITGA4, ITGAM, and ITGB2) in OF heifers was increased compared with CON heifers. The expression of oxidative stress (SOD2 and S100A8) was upregulated, while SOD1 and MPO were downregulated. In metabolism and receptor genes, the expressions of GRα and INSR decreased after 12 h, while Fas increased until 6 h and then decreased at 18 h. The expression of LDHA and PANX1 did not show any differences after OF overload. These findings indicate that OF overload induced systemic activation of PMN, which provides a step toward a better understanding of the role of innate immune responses in response to oral OF administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic ROS Production and Gene Expression of Heifers Blood Neutrophil in a Oligofructose Overload Model

Ding

Jiang

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Rumen pH <6 for a prolonged period for several hours a day can adversely leads to acidosis, (Rodríguez‐Lecompte et al ). Recently, Zhao et al () indicated that SARA produces a high concentration of ruminal LPS, which over activates the inflammatory pathways and significantly increases the expression and synthesis of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the rumen epithelium, thus causing partial inflammation of the rumen. Therefore, it is expedient to stabilize rumen pH and prevent it from reaching the acidosis state.…”

Section: Impact Of Feeding Single‐cell Fungi On Rumen Fermentation Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ruminal pH is also a crucial parameter to ensure the normal functioning of the rumen and its microbiome. Therefore, it is the closest and most accurate indicator of rumen health or disorders such as SARA, because it provides direct information about the conditions within the rumen (Enemark 2008 Zhao et al (2018) indicated that SARA produces a high concentration of ruminal LPS, which over activates the inflammatory pathways and significantly increases the expression and synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the rumen epithelium, thus causing partial inflammation of the rumen. Therefore, it is expedient to stabilize rumen pH and prevent it from reaching the acidosis state.…”

Section: Rumen Ph Acidosis and Its Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is the closest and most accurate indicator of rumen health or disorders such as subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), because it provides direct information about the conditions within the rumen (Enemark ). Recently, Zhao et al () indicated that SARA produces a high concentration of ruminal lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which over‐activates the inflammatory pathways and significantly increases the expression and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in the rumen epithelium, thus causing partial inflammation of the rumen. Low rumen pH ranging from 5–6 for prolonged periods can negatively affect feed intake, microbial metabolism, and nutrient degradation, erratic appetite, body weight loss, ruminal motility, stasis, hyperkeratosis, and leads to acidosis, inflammation, laminitis, diarrhoea and villi wear out and bloat (Rodríguez‐Lecompte et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic role of single‐celled fungi in ruminal microbial ecology and activities

Elghandour

Khusro²,

Adegbeye

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Summary In ruminants, high fermentation capacity is necessary to develop more efficient ruminant production systems. Greater level of production depends on the ability of the microbial ecosystem to convert organic matter into precursors of milk and meat. This has led to increased interest by animal nutritionists, biochemists and microbiologists in evaluating different strategies to manipulate the rumen biota to improve animal performance, production efficiency and animal health. One of such strategies is the use of natural feed additives such as single‐celled fungi yeast. The main objectives of using yeasts as natural additives in ruminant diets include; (i) to prevent rumen microflora disorders, (ii) to improve and sustain higher production of milk and meat, (iii) to reduce rumen acidosis and bloat which adversely affect animal health and performance, (iv) to decrease the risk of ruminant‐associated human pathogens and (v) to reduce the excretion of nitrogenous‐based compounds, carbon dioxide and methane. Yeast, a natural feed additive, has the potential to enhance feed degradation by increasing the concentration of volatile fatty acids during fermentation processes. In addition, microbial growth in the rumen is enhanced in the presence of yeast leading to the delivery of a greater amount of microbial protein to the duodenum and high nitrogen retention. Single‐celled fungi yeast has demonstrated its ability to increase fibre digestibility and lower faecal output of organic matter due to improved digestion of organic matter, which subsequently improves animal productivity. Yeast also has the ability to alter the fermentation process in the rumen in a way that reduces methane formation. Furthermore, yeast inclusion in ruminant diets has been reported to decrease toxins absorption such as mycotoxins and promote epithelial cell integrity. This review article provides information on the impact of single‐celled fungi yeast as a feed supplement on ruminal microbiota and its function to improve the health and productive longevity of ruminants.

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Subacute ruminal acidosis suppressed the expression of MCT1 in rumen of cows

Zhao

Wang

Peng

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is characterized by the depression of ruminal pH and an increase in the concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rumen of cows. The onset of SARA was linked to the accumulation of SCFAs. However, the mechanism of SCFAs transport is unknown. The proton‐linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) plays a vital role in the transportation of SCFAs. The goal of this study was to elucidate the distribution of MCT1 along the gastrointestinal tract of calves and adult cows; the expression change of MCT1 in SARA cows and the effect of ruminal pH, SCFAs, and LPS on MCT1 expression in rumen epithelial cells in vitro. The results indicated the presence of MCT1 along the gastrointestinal tract of calves and adult cows, most abundantly expressed in the rumen. Importantly, the expression of MCT1 was decreased in the rumen epithelium of SARA cows, and the expression of MCT1 was restored in the SARA treatment group. In vitro, LPS, low rumen fluid pH, high concentrations of SCFAs (90 mM acetate, 40 mM propionate, and 30 mM butyrate), and high concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively, inhibited the expression of MCT1 in rumen epithelial cells. Taken together, these results indicated that LPS, low ruminal pH, and high concentrations of SCFAs decreased the expression of MCT1, further aggravating the accumulation of SCFAs in the rumen by decreasing the absorption of SCFAs.

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Inflammatory mechanism of Rumenitis in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis

Cited by 86 publications

References 26 publications

Dynamic ROS Production and Gene Expression of Heifers Blood Neutrophil in a Oligofructose Overload Model

Dynamic ROS Production and Gene Expression of Heifers Blood Neutrophil in a Oligofructose Overload Model

Dynamic role of single‐celled fungi in ruminal microbial ecology and activities

Subacute ruminal acidosis suppressed the expression of MCT1 in rumen of cows

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