Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome

Kaiser, Marianne; Jacobson, Magdalena; Andersen, Pia Haubro; Bækbo, Poul; Cerón, José J.; Dahl, Jan; Escribano, Damián; Jacobsen, Stine

doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1382-7

Cited by 38 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…At the same time, microbial flora is regulated by nutrients as well as the immunological and metabolic statuses of the host. During farrowing the substantial physiological changes associated can lead to inflammatory reactions in sows 6 . Furthermore, studies have found an increase in pro-inflammatory factors during early lactation that was significantly higher than during early pregnancy or during the late stages of lactation 7,8 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Shi

Dong

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Lysozyme (LZM) is a natural anti-bacterial protein that is found in the saliva, tears and milk of all mammals including humans. Its anti-bacterial properties result from the ability to cleave bacterial cell walls, causing bacterial death. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary LZM on fecal microbial composition and variation in metabolites in sow. The addition of LZM decreased the fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Zonulin and endotoxin in the serum, and feces, were decreased with lysozyme supplementation. Furthermore, fecal concentrations of lipocalin-2 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α were also decreased while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased by lysozyme supplementation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region suggested that fecal microbial levels changed at different taxonomic levels with the addition of LZM. Representative changes included the reduction of diversity between sows, decreased Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes during lactation as well as an increase in Lactobacillus. These findings suggest that dietary lysozyme supplementation from late gestation to lactation promote microbial changes, which would potentially be the mechanisms by which maternal metabolites and inflammatory status was altered after LZM supplementation.Microbial diversity in sows' feces. A total of 54 fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Average raw reads, average effective tags and average operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for each treatment were shown in Supplementary Table S1. A set of 1,272 OTUs existed in all treatments and were thus defined as core OTUs (Fig. S2). These comprised 71.5% of the total number of OTUs, whereas 44,37,52, 135,47, 105, 72,56 and 57 OTUs were uniquely identified at Con. d1, LZM 150 d1, LZM 300 d1, Con. d7, LZM 150 d7, LZM 300 d7, Con. d21, LZM 150 d21 and LZM 300 d21, respectively (Fig. S2). To determine the bacterial diversity, the alpha and beta diversity of the fecal microbiota were assessed. We then compared the richness (observed species and Chao 1 index) and diversity (Shannon index) indices for the alpha diversity. As demonstrated in Table 2, LZM 300 diets decreased the observed species and Chao 1 index at day 21 of lactation. The lactation stage had a significant effect on fecal microbial community richness, with a Chao 1 index on day 1 of lactation being lower than at other stages (P < 0.01). A decrease in Shannon index (fecal microbial community diversity) with LZM supplementation at 300 mg/kg was found on day 7 and 21 of lactation (P < 0.01). For the analysis of beta diversity, the relationships among Control, LZM 150 and LZM 300 on day 1, 7 and 21 of lactation in the gut microbiome were examined by principal component analysis. The gut microbiota of sows showed obvious segregation in the different treatments, especially in treatment LZM300 d21 (Fig. 3) based on weighted UniFrac distance. The PERMANOVA analysis found that the bacterial community structure was significantly (P < 0...

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confidence: 99%

Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Shi

Dong

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Other factors such as litter size, birth weight, sow weight, parity, and assisted births can also impact stillbirths [12]. Stillbirths occur during parturition and are highly associated with a prolonged parturition time [16]. In our study, parturition duration was not recorded, but future studies should be designed to understand if dietary SDPP can impact duration of parturition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Parturition is often prolonged with larger litter size which drains sow energy during labor and can lead to increased stillbirths, constipation, mastitis, metritis, and agalactia that negatively affects postpartum uterine recovery, and subsequent lactation, progeny survival and growth [12][13][14][15][16]. A peripartum or transition feed should be considered to provide nutrients and ingredients that address needs for the proli c sow in late gestation to help mitigate early postpartum stress and prepare the sow for ad libitum consumption of lactation feed to support milk production, progeny growth and survival and subsequent sow reproductive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma in Peripartum Sow Feed on Subsequent Litter Size

Crenshaw

Río²,

Sanjoaquin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Nutritional strategies for sows designed to reduce stress around parturition are suggested to support postpartum recovery and longer-term productivity. Past studies using spray-dried plasma in sow feed reported productivity benefits in sow and litter performance. Other studies indicate stressed animals fed diets with spray-dried plasma have a more efficient immune response to the stress which supports animal recovery and health. The purpose of the present study was to determine if 0, 0.5 or 2.5% spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in peripartum feed provided from entry in maternity through d 5 of lactation affects sow productivity and serological immune and oxidation status markers around parturition and if peripartum feed provided only during the initial parturition affected post-weaning sow productivity parameters including litter size of the next parturition. Results In the initial parturition, litter size for total born pigs was linearly reduced ( P < 0.05) as dietary SDPP increased and percentage of stillborn pigs per litter decreased quadratically ( P < 0.05) for sows fed 0.5% or 2.5% SDPP compared to 0% SDPP in peripartum feed. In the subsequent parturition, total born pigs from parity 1 and 2 sows linearly increased ( P < 0.05) and live born pigs tended ( P = 0.09) to linearly increase as level of SDPP increased. The change in total and live born litter size from the initial to the next parturition linearly ( P < 0.01) increased as dietary SDPP increased for parity 1 and 2 sows. Diet did not differ ( P > 0.10) for serum cytokine markers. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity linearly increased ( P < 0.01) with increased dietary SDPP for both prepartum and postpartum sampling periods. Conclusions Inclusion of SDPP in peripartum sow feed reduced percentage of stillborn pigs during the initial parturition and increased litter size of parity 1 and 2 sows in the next parturition. The reduced oxidation stress around parturition as indicated by increased serum glutathione peroxidase activity for sows fed SDPP in peripartum feed suggests mitigation of oxidation stress can reduce stillborn rate and have a long-term benefit on subsequent litter size for parity 1 and 2 sows.

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“…Zytokin-Hepcidin-Link beschrieben wurden [35] [38]. Zudem wurden verminderte Fe-Konzentrationen im Serum von Sauen beschrieben, die peri-und postnatal am Dysgalaktie-Syndrom erkrankten [39].…”

Section: Hepcidin Und Entzündungsreaktionenunclassified

Neuer Blick auf ein altes Element – Eisen, Hepcidin und Entzündung

Humann-Ziehank¹

2020

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere

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ZusammenfassungEisen (Fe) ist ein essenzielles Spurenelement und nimmt in der tierärztlichen Praxis insbesondere durch seine Bedeutung bei der Eisenmangelanämie einen wichtigen Platz ein. Die Fe-Bereitstellung, z. B. für die Hämoglobinsynthese, stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Eisenhomöostase. Mit der Charakterisierung des Hepcidins als regulatives Protein des Eisenstoffwechsels wurde deutlich, dass Fe einer hormonähnlichen Regulation unterliegt. In der Leber gebildetes Hepcidin reguliert den membranständigen Fe-Transporter Ferroportin. Ein Anstieg der Hepcidinkonzentration führt zu einer Reduzierung der Abgabe von intrazellulär gespeichertem Fe in den Extrazellulärraum. Diese Internalisierung von Fe erfolgt vor allem im retikuloendothelialen System und in Monozyten/Makrophagen, aber auch die enterale Fe-Absorption wird durch Hepcidin vermindert. Auslöser für die hepatische Hepcidinsynthese sind nach derzeitiger Sicht einerseits hohe Fe- bzw. Transferrinkonzentrationen im Plasma. Aber auch Entzündungsmediatoren wie Zytokine führen zur gesteigerten Hepcidinsynthese. Hiermit wurde ein Erklärungsansatz für die oft beobachtete deutliche Abnahme der Fe-Konzentration im Plasma im Rahmen akuter Entzündungen entwickelt, der Mechanismus wird als sog. Zytokin-Hepcidin-Link bezeichnet. Da viele pathogene Mikroorganismen Fe für ihren eigenen Stoffwechsel benötigen, wird die über Hepcidin vermittelte Modulation der Fe-Verfügbarkeit mit Internalisierung von Fe in den Intrazellulärraum der unspezifischen Abwehr zugeordnet. Fe-Supplementationen durch den Tierarzt oder den Landwirt greifen in diese Regulation ein, doch gibt es bisher nur wenige Studien zu den klinischen und metabolischen Auswirkungen oraler oder parenteraler Fe-Supplementierung unter Einbeziehung des Hepcidins. Diese sollte zukünftig wissenschaftlich detaillierter beschrieben werden. Möglicherweise resultiert daraus eine Neubewertung der verschiedenen Formen der Fe-Gabe an Wiederkäuer, Schweine und/oder Pferde.

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Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome

Cited by 38 publications

References 48 publications

Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Effect of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma in Peripartum Sow Feed on Subsequent Litter Size

Neuer Blick auf ein altes Element – Eisen, Hepcidin und Entzündung

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