Inflammatory Markers and Procoagulants in Chronic Renal Disease Stages 1-4

Abstract

Introduction:Starting from the point that the chronic kidney disease (CKD) is chronic, inflammatory and hypercoagulable state characterized by an increase in procoagulant and inflammatory markers high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients could be explained.Aim:The aim of the research was to monitor inflammatory markers and procoagulants in various stages of kidney disease (stage 1-4).Materials and Methods:The research included 120 subjects older than 18 years with CKD stages 1-4 examined and monitored in Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo over a period of 24 months. The research included determining the following laboratory parameters: serum creatinine, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, leukocytes in the blood, plasma fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin III, coagulation factors VII (FC VII) and coagulation factor VIII (FC VIII).Results:With the progression of kidney disease (CKD stages 1-4), there was a significant increase of inflammatory and procoagulant markers: CRP, fibrinogen and coagulation factor VIII, and an increase in the average values of leukocytes and a reduction in the value of antithrombin III, but without statistical significance. Also, there were no significant differences in the values of D-dimer and coagulation factor VII.Conclusion:The progression of kidney disease is significantly associated with inflammation, which could in the future be useful in prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Connection of CKD with inflammation and proven connection of inflammation with cardiovascular risk indicates the potential value of some biomarkers, which could in the future identify as predictors of outcome and could have the benefit in the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in CKD.

Efficacy of different hemodialysis methods on dendritic cell marker CD40 and CD80 and platelet activation marker CD62P and P10 in patients with chronic renal failure

“…The outcome differs in different HD therapies, with more significant outcomes in HDF and HP than in HD. CRF is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation, and hypercoagulability, meaning patients will have increased levels of procoagulant and inflammatory markers . In CRF patients that had undergone HD, a transient decrease in CD40L and CD62P was detected .…”

“…CRF is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation, and hypercoagulability, meaning patients will have increased levels of procoagulant and inflammatory markers. 38 In CRF patients that had undergone HD, a transient decrease in CD40L and CD62P was detected. 39 CD62P, as an indicator of platelet degranulation when expressed on platelet surface, plays a mediate role in the interactions of platelet and leukocyte cells, which can stimulate the production of chemoattractants and growth factors.…”

DNA Damage in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients. Assessment by In Vitro Comet Assay and by Cell-Free DNA Quantification

“…The inflammatory biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have been reported to be enhanced in CKD [2,29] Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, the inflammatory biomarkers IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and fibrinogen, are correlated negatively with markers of kidney function, and positively with albuminuria [30]. A cytokine and a T cell imbalance have been also reported in ESRD [31].…”

“…Inflammation is a common feature in CKD, especially enhanced in ESRD patients on hemodialysis (HD). This chronic inflammatory state seems to contribute to aggravate kidney dysfunction and favor the occurrence of comorbidities and the risk of mortality [2,3].…”

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: The Impact of Conventional Dialysis versus Online-Hemodiafiltration

“…This type of vascular access is more prone to infection or inflammation, and thus, it might be associated with poor outcome of HD patients. Markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) [26] and inflammatory cytokines [27], are raised in CKD patients, particularly in HD patients. In a recent study by our team, we found that CRP, malnutrition and the use of CVC were independent risk factors for mortality in HD Some uremic toxins express potent pro-inflammatory and oxidative activity [29], contributing to amplify inflammation and oxidative injuries to cells and plasma constituents.…”