Inflammatory cytokines in exhaled breath condensate in children with inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract

Elevated concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in EBC in children with IBD may suggest the presence of asymptomatic inflammation in the lower airways.

Review article: breath analysis in inflammatory bowel diseases

“…The cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were significantly higher in IBD breath condensate compared to healthy controls ( P < 0.008). No difference was found between CD and UC …”

“…Exhaled NO correlated well with the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) scores and ulcerative colitis activity index (CAI) scores ( r = 0.39, P < 0.05 and r = 0.63, P < 0.001 respectively) . In the evaluation of various cytokines in the breath condensate of paediatric IBD patients the only positive finding was an inverse relation between clinical disease activity and breath IL‐1β in CD ( r = −0.76, P < 0.005) …”

The Differential Impact Of High-Intensity Swimming Exercise and Inflammatory Bowel Disease On IL-1b, TNF-a, and COX-2 Gene Expression in the Small Intestine and Colon in Mice

“…27 Especially, inflammatory markers such as cytokines can induce tissue damage leading to uncontrolled immune and inflammation reactions, resulting in chronic inflammation. 28 In the present study, IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA expression in the small and large intestine was significantly increased in an IBD-induction group compared to expression levels in a control group; however, TNF-α expression was not significantly increased. IL-1β is involved in IBD occurrence; however, the mechanism remains unknown.…”

Inflammatory bowel disease and the lung in paediatric patients

“…Most studies on respiratory manifestations of IBD in children include lung function testing. To date, there are six studies that assessed lung function in 294 children with IBD [14,48,[54][55][56][57]. Pulmonary function abnormalities were generally inconsistent and mild.…”