Inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α alterations in schistosomiasis: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Cytokines play an important role in the immunological pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis would be associated with an imbalance in inflammatory cytokines that leads to a decrease of T helper (Th) 1 and an increase of Th2 cytokine secretion. Corresponding data so far have been inconsistent, so we performed a meta-analysis to assess whether cytokine alterations were risk factors for schistosomiasis progression. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CNKI databases for literatures including abstracts, reviews, and reference lists. Our studies included assessment of cytokine concentrations in vivo plasma or serum and secretion of cytokines in vitro by peripheral blood leukocytes from schistosomiasis patients or infected individuals with schistosome. The prototypic Th1 and Th2 cytokines IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 were assessed as well as IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The results implied that an increase occurs in TNF-α and IL-4 with schistosomiasis progression.

Meta-analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of the questionnaires screening for schistosomiasis

“…Schistosomiasis is the second widespread tropical disease that affected over 240 million people of 78 countries in the tropical and subtropical environments (WHO 2014;Moendeg et al 2015;Yu et al 2012;Zhong et al 2014). About 120 million people were symptomatic and 20 million people had severe diseases (WHO 2002;Sarhan et al 2014).…”

TGF beta and IL13 in schistosomiasis mansoni associated pulmonary arterial hypertension; a descriptive study with comparative groups

“…Granuloma formation is a predominantly T helper (Th) cell-dependent process, with an early Th1 proinflammatory response (IL-1, IL-12, interferon gamma, transforming growth factor beta [TGF – beta] and tumour necrosis factor-alfa), in which a switch occurs following egg production to a predominant Th2 immune response (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) that plays a central role in the modulation of granuloma immune response [10-14]. …”

Experimental immunology Differential effect of hesperidin on Th1, Th2, Th17, and proinflammatory cytokines production from splenocyte of Schistosoma mansoni -infected mice

“…The disease is associated with an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cytokines [4]. Therefore, modulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses as well as proinflammatroy cytokines could downregulate granulomatous inflammation and consequently controls the outcome of immunopathology in schistosomiasis.…”

“…The morbidity in S. mansoni infection arises from the granulomatous response to eggs that become trapped in the host tissues with subsequent fibrosis. Granuloma formation is dependent on CD4 + T cell responses [2,3], while schistosomiasis is associated with an imbalance in T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokines [4]. Differentiation of CD4 + T cells into Th1 or Th2 lymphocyte population depends to a great extent upon the relative abundance of various cytokines during the priming of the antigen-specific lymphocyte population by antigen-presenting cells [5,6].…”