Inflammatory cells in liquid‐based cytology smears classified as bacterial vaginosis

Eleutério, José; Eleutério, Renata Mírian Nunes; Martins, Leonardo Arruda; Giraldo, Paulo César; Gonçalves, Ana Katherine

doi:10.1002/dc.23830

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The magnitude of white and red blood cells within the vaginal discharge was classified as follows: (i) rare: 1–5 cells/high-power field, (ii) moderate: 6–10 cells/high-power field, (iii) many: 11–20 cells/high-power field, and (iv) high: 21 cells and above/high-power field, as described elsewhere. [17] In addition, a Gram-stained smear was performed to characterize the vaginal flora using Nugent scoring. [18] Briefly, each Gram-stained smear was evaluated for the following morphotypes under oil immersion (×100): large Gram-positive rods (lactobacillus morphotypes), small Gram-variable bacilli ( Gardnerella vaginalis morphotypes), small Gram-negative bacilli ( Bacteroides spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study ofTrichomonas vaginalisInfection and Correlates in Women with Vaginal Discharge Referred at Fann Teaching Hospital in Senegal

Tine

Sylla

et al. 2019

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Introduction. Trichomoniasis is nowadays the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. In Senegal, the epidemiology of trichomoniasis is not well known. The current study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with T. vaginalis infection among women with vaginal discharge. Methods. A retrospective analysis of laboratory records from patients referred at the Fann Teaching Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, for vaginal discharge was carried out. The study covered the period from 2006 to 2011. For each participating woman, a vaginal swab was collected and a wet mount smear performed immediately. Optic microscopic examination with 40x magnification was done to detect T. vaginalis and assess biological modifications such as presence of epithelial cells, white blood cells, and red blood cells. A gram stained smear was also performed and examined under oil immersion (100x magnification) to assess the vaginal flora. Results. Overall, 3893 women were enrolled with a mean age at 31.2 ± 10 years. The prevalence of Trichomoniasis represented 4.8%, 95%CI(3.1-5.7) and it was lower among women less than 30 years (4.1%), while divorced women more likely to be infected compared to married and single women (aOR:2.1, 95%CI (1.2-3.7)). Trichomoniasis was associated with abnormal vaginal flora such as type III (aOR:2.6, 95%CI(1.5-4.4)) and type IV (aOR:3.3, 95%CI(2.1-5.3)). In addition, patients with erythrocytes excretion were more likely to be infected by T. vaginalis (aOR:2.8, 95%CI(1.9-3.9). Conclusion. Trichomonas vaginalis remains prevalent among sexually active women. Strategies aiming at improving disease awareness in these high-risk groups are needed to improve trichomoniasis prevention but extensive epidemiological data are still needed for a better understanding of the disease transmission dynamic.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study ofTrichomonas vaginalisInfection and Correlates in Women with Vaginal Discharge Referred at Fann Teaching Hospital in Senegal

Tine

Sylla

et al. 2019

Journal of Parasitology Research

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“…More advanced methods, such as PCR, can lead to inconclusive results if they are not correctly interpreted. Cases with bacterial vaginosis criteria presenting identified inflammatory infiltration were sometimes identified as suggesting a picture of mixed vaginitis 39 . The association can be observed using fresh examination, bacterioscopy, cytology, or molecular biology 40 .…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections causing vaginal discharge

Carvalho

Eleutério

Travassos

et al. 2021

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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The topic of vaginal discharge is one of the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Health Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The chapter has been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects associated with vaginal discharge conditions, as well as guidance to health service managers and health professionals. Screening, diagnosing, and treating these conditions, the main complaints among women seeking health services, caused by infectious or noninfectious factors, also are presented. Besides, information is presented on surveillance, prevention, and control actions to promote knowledge of the problem and provide quality care and effective treatment.

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Liquid-based cervical cytology and microbiological analyses in women using cooper intrauterine device and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

Eleutério

Giraldo

Gonçalves

et al. 2020

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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Inflammatory cells in liquid‐based cytology smears classified as bacterial vaginosis

Abstract: The presence of leukocytes in BV (or BV-L) may suggest a mixed infection, ectopy influencing the vaginal milieu and even epithelial atypia.

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

A Study ofTrichomonas vaginalisInfection and Correlates in Women with Vaginal Discharge Referred at Fann Teaching Hospital in Senegal

A Study ofTrichomonas vaginalisInfection and Correlates in Women with Vaginal Discharge Referred at Fann Teaching Hospital in Senegal

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections causing vaginal discharge

Liquid-based cervical cytology and microbiological analyses in women using cooper intrauterine device and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

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