Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Is There a Role for Nutritional Suggestions?

Abstract

Nutrition has an important impact on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, several studies have addressed its role in their pathogenesis, showing how the incidence of IBD significantly increased in recent years. Meanwhile, nutrition should be considered a component of the treatment of the disease, both as a therapy itself, and especially in the perspective of correcting the various nutritional deficiencies shown by these patients. In this perspective, nutritional suggestions are very important even in the most severe forms of IBD, requiring hospitalization or surgical treatment. Although current knowledge about nutrition in IBD is increasing over time, nutritional suggestions are often underestimated by clinicians. This narrative review is an update summary of current knowledge on nutritional suggestions in IBD, in order to address the impact of nutrition on pathogenesis, micro- and macro-nutrients deficiencies (especially in the case of sarcopenia and obesity), as well as in hospitalized patients.

Sarcopenia is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study

“…This is a novel finding compared with previous studies. Given that IBD is a chronic autoimmune disease, high CRP levels and ESRs may reflect more severe inflammatory responses (30,31), whereas low BMI and low Alb levels may imply poor nutritional status (22,32). Severe inflammatory responses and poor nutritional status may be caused by intestinal mucosal impairment, limited nutrient absorption, and a state of overconsumption, all of which can cause sarcopenia (4,17).…”

Editorial: serum triiodothyronine‐to‐thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio as biomarker of response in IBD ‐ an open issue

“…For example, adherence to the Mediterranean diet can influence the development of sarcopenia and prevent or delay the onset of sarcopenia-associated frailty. 8,9 This was independently associated with lower T4 -but not T3 -levels, which would translate into a higher T3/T4 ratio. 10 The Italian and the British patients may have different dietary habits, although neither our study nor that of Lin et al 5 provided data regarding this point.…”

“…In this view, several lifestyle and dietary factors may be plausible mediating factors, which may help to explain different study findings. For example, adherence to the Mediterranean diet can influence the development of sarcopenia and prevent or delay the onset of sarcopenia‐associated frailty 8,9 . This was independently associated with lower T4 ‐ but not T3 ‐ levels, which would translate into a higher T3/T4 ratio 10 .…”

Nutrition for prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in pediatric patients

“…На риск развития ЯК количество потребляемой рыбы не влияет [10]. Поступление клетчатки с фруктами также рассматривается как фактор профилактики БК, но не влияет на риск развития ЯК [11]. В эксперименте на мышах диета, богатая грецкими орехами, препятствовала развитию колита [11].…”