Inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: epidemiology and pathophysiology

Lee, Jung Won; Eun, Chang Soo

doi:10.3904/kjim.2022.138

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In conditions of impaired NK activity and mucosal immunity or inherent impairment, UC patients are predisposed to the infection. Immunosuppression (impairing T lymphocytes), corticosteroids (causing CMV reactivation), cytokines, especially TNF-α (inducing viral replication) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) production (exacerbating the colitis conditions) include mechanisms promoting the CMV-mediated IBD pathophysiology (Lawlor and Moss 2010 ; Lee and Eun 2022 ). Conversely, CD4 + T cells produce interferon alpha (IFN-α) in the CD which precludes the CMV reactivation resulting in lower rate of infection and consequent inflammation (Nakase et al 2010 ; McCurdy et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in the viral-associated inflammatory bowel disease: an updated review

Zarenezhad

Abdulabbas

Kareem³

et al. 2023

Arch Microbiol

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). IBD patients are susceptible to various infections such as viral infections due to the long-term consumption of immunosuppressive drugs and biologics. The antiviral and IBD protective traits of flavonoids have not been entirely investigated. This study objective included an overview of the protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in viral-associated IBD. Several viral agents such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and enteric viruses can be reactivated and thus develop or exacerbate the IBD conditions or eventually facilitate the disease remission. Flavonoids such as quercetin and silymarin are non-toxic and safe bioactive compounds with remarkable anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of silymarin and quercetin mainly include immune modulation and inhibition of caspase enzymes, viral binding and replication, RNA synthesis, viral proteases and viral assembly. In the nutraceutical sector, natural flavonoids low bioavailability and solubility necessitate the application of delivery systems to enhance their efficacy. This review study provided an updated understanding of the protective role of quercetin and silymarin against viral-associated IBD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in the viral-associated inflammatory bowel disease: an updated review

Zarenezhad

Abdulabbas

Kareem³

et al. 2023

Arch Microbiol

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“…The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cancers may be changed by environmental factors as well as environment-associated diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. In Korea, inflammatory bowel disease in children and colorectal cancer in adults were rare diseases a generation ago, but the incidence of both diseases has been increased over time, probably owing to changed diets to westernized style [119]. Additionally, epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Western countries is changing as increased occurrence in young adults [120].…”

Section: Viruses and Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Virus Infections: The Protein-Homeostasis-System Hypothesis

Kang¹,

Lee²

2023

Preprint

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The etiological agent of various viral diseases has been identified, and clinical characteristics and complications of each disease are well known. In general, a viral disease appears as acute systemic inflammatory disease, but after acute infection, some patients remain asymptomatic carriers or suffer chronic viral diseases, suggesting that the phenomena are unavoidable processes for viruses’ coexistence with their hosts as virome in microbiota of human species. Although each viral disease has been described as having different pathophysiology, the host's control systems, including immune systems, against the insults from any viral infections, have the same components in previously healthy hosts. Therefore, considering the characteristics of the life cycle of viruses being dependent on the host cell and the same immune components of the host, it is reasonable assumption that there is a common immune mechanism to respond to the insults from all viral diseases. The authors discuss on the characteristics of virus infection and unresolved issues in viral diseases and propose a rationale of early immune modulators for acute insults from viral diseases based on our clinical experiences and the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis.

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“…In South Korea, IBD prevalence and incidence in 2015 were approximately 108.4 per 100,000 population and 9 per 100,000 population, respectively [ 27 ]. IBD increased by approximately 2.3% from 2010 to 2019 in South Korea [ 28 ]. In Taiwan, the respective prevalence and incidence rates were 16.7 and 1.4 per 100,000 population in 2015 [ 27 ], and the annual percentage change in the increasing incidence of IBD from 1998 to 2008 has been estimated to be 4% to 5% [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosiglitazone Does Not Affect the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwanese Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Tseng

2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Human studies on the effect of rosiglitazone on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still lacking. We investigated whether rosiglitazone might affect IBD risk by using the reimbursement database of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance to enroll a propensity-score-matched cohort of ever users and never users of rosiglitazone. The patients should have been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus between 1999 and 2006 and should have been alive on 1 January 2007. We then started to follow the patients from 1 January 2007 until 31 December 2011 for a new diagnosis of IBD. Propensity-score-weighted hazard ratios were estimated with regards to rosiglitazone exposure in terms of ever users versus never users and in terms of cumulative duration and cumulative dose of rosiglitazone therapy for dose–response analyses. The joint effects and interactions between rosiglitazone and risk factors of psoriasis/arthropathies, dorsopathies, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/tobacco abuse and the use of metformin were estimated by Cox regression after adjustment for all covariates. A total of 6226 ever users and 6226 never users were identified and the respective numbers of incident IBD were 95 and 111. When we compared the risk of IBD in ever users to that of the never users, the estimated hazard ratio (0.870, 95% confidence interval: 0.661–1.144) was not statistically significant. When cumulative duration and cumulative dose of rosiglitazone therapy were categorized by tertiles and hazard ratios were estimated by comparing the tertiles of rosiglitazone exposure to the never users, none of the hazard ratios reached statistical significance. In secondary analyses, rosiglitazone has a null association with Crohn’s disease, but a potential benefit on ulcerative colitis (UC) could not be excluded. However, because of the low incidence of UC, we were not able to perform detailed dose–response analyses for UC. In the joint effect analyses, only the subgroup of psoriasis/arthropathies (-)/rosiglitazone (-) showed a significantly lower risk in comparison to the subgroup of psoriasis/arthropathies (+)/rosiglitazone (-). No interactions between rosiglitazone and the major risk factors or metformin use were observed. We concluded that rosiglitazone has a null effect on the risk of IBD, but the potential benefit on UC awaits further investigation.

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Inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: epidemiology and pathophysiology

Cited by 15 publications

References 84 publications

Protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in the viral-associated inflammatory bowel disease: an updated review

Protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in the viral-associated inflammatory bowel disease: an updated review

Pathophysiology of Virus Infections: The Protein-Homeostasis-System Hypothesis

Rosiglitazone Does Not Affect the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwanese Type 2 Diabetes Patients

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