Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Two-way Association?

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is an umbrella term that covers both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), which are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal system. Airway diseases are one of the most commonly studied manifestations of IBD. It is observed that populations with pre-existing obstructive pulmonary conditions are at higher risk of new-onset IBD. This newly documented evidence of increased incidence of IBD among patients with pulmonary diseases and the higher than the estimated prevalence of pulmonary diseases among IBD sufferers support the hypothesis of a two-way association. This review article focuses on summarizing the current knowledge and available evidence regarding the association between IBD and obstructive pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, bronchiectasis, and asthma.We utilized PubMed as the primary search source and database and included the free full-text articles available on it, published over the past five years. We reviewed literature from multiple regions of the world, such as the US, UK, China, and Canada and compiled this traditional review article utilizing the information collected from 4,966,459 patients. Specifications such as age and gender were not mentioned in all articles. This review will serve to strengthen the existing research database concerning the relationship between IBD and obstructive pulmonary diseases. It will help to highlight the significance of the two-way association between IBD and obstructive pulmonary disease and the importance of treating these two conditions simultaneously. It will also raise awareness about the importance of timely detection of IBD and associated airway complications, leading to decreased disease burden and the treatment cost.

Asthma and the risk of gastrointestinal disorders: a Mendelian randomization study

“…In observational studies, a frequent co-occurrence of asthma with IBD was reported [ 9 , 12 , 23 ]. A population-based Canadian case-control study using health administrative data including 3087 cases with Crohn’s disease, 2377 cases with ulcerative colitis, and 402,800 control subjects found that asthma was associated with Crohn’s disease (adjusted OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.31–1.60) and with early and late-onset ulcerative colitis.…”

“…The most prevalent chronic respiratory disease in children and adults is asthma [ 8 ]. Several observational studies for example focused on the relationship between asthma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [ 9 ], asthma and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [ 10 ], and asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) [ 11 ]. It was found that people with asthma are three times more likely to have gastroesophageal reflux than healthy people [ 11 ].…”

“…However, so far, it is not clear which disease causes the other. This largely unclear relationship could not be clarified even in systematic reviews and meta-analyses [ 9 , 10 , 12 ].…”

Unbiased serum metabolomic analysis in cats with naturally occurring chronic enteropathies before and after medical intervention

“…Owner compliance is frequently difficult to ascertain and anecdotally, cats and dogs can fail to respond to one diet but may respond favorably to another. In addition, it is recognized in human medicine, that IBD is an umbrella term for a number of disorders of different etiopathogenesis and many human patients with IBD show complete or partial resolution of clinical signs in response to dietary interventions but are not reclassified as dietary-responsive enteropathy 92 – 95 .…”

Causal relationship between asthma and inflammatory bowel disease : A two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis

“…Asthma, one of the most common pulmonary diseases, has a high prevalence in both children and adults [7]. Research on the association between asthma and IBD has also been increasingly conducted in recent years [8][9][10].…”