Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, Surveillance, and Management

Sato, Yoshihiro; Tsujinaka, Shingo; Miura, Tomoya; Kitamura, Yoh; Suzuki, Hideyuki; Shibata, Chikashi

doi:10.3390/cancers15164154

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Inflammation within the tumor microenvironment has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, contributing to tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune evasion [20]. In CRC, chronic inflammation associated with conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [21] or obesity [22], has been implicated in promoting tumorigenesis and influencing disease behavior. Moreover, inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) [23], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [24], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [25], are elevated in CRC patients and correlated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) as a Prognostic and Predictive Score in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Cotan,

Iaciu,

Radu

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Introduction: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) presents significant clinical challenges due to its heterogeneous nature and variable treatment responses. The Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) has emerged as a potential biomarker for prognostication and prediction in mCRC, although its precise role remains under investigation.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study that included 173 patients diagnosed with mCRC. The patients were treated in the first line with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy (CHT) and a molecular agent based on their eligibility. We assessed the overall survival (OS) time, progression-free survival (PFS) time, and the overall response rate (ORR), utilizing the GRIm-score measured at baseline (referred to as GRImT0) and the variance between GRImT0 and the GRIm score measured three months after treatment initiation (referred to as GRImΔ). We also performed a subgroup analysis based on the type of treatment received.Results: Our analysis revealed that the GRIm-Score holds promise as a prognostic marker in mCRC, with high scores correlating with poorer survival outcomes. However, in the subgroup analysis, this prognostic value remained relevant only for patients treated with CHT and anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agents, such as cetuximab and panitumumab. GRIm-Score exhibited no predictive value irrespective of the treatment received. Conclusion:The GRIm-Score shows potential as a prognostic mCRC, although we believe that this potential is limited. Integration of the GRIm-Score into clinical practice should be done with caution and is not recommended at this time. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate its clinical utility and optimize its incorporation into routine clinical care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) as a Prognostic and Predictive Score in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Cotan,

Iaciu,

Radu

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…Patients with IBDs have a well-established elevated risk of colorectal cancer compared to the general population [ 47 ].…”

Section: H Pylori Ibds and Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Active Protagonist or Innocent Bystander?

Bretto,

Frara,

Armandi

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a prominent entity within human infectious diseases which cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric malignancies, and extragastric disorders. Its persistent colonization can lead to a systemic inflammatory cascade, potentially instigating autoimmune responses and contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. While the specific etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unknown, it is widely recognized that immunological, genetic, and environmental factors are implicated. Various bacterial and viral pathogens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBDs. Numerous studies suggest a correlation between H. pylori infection and IBDs. While subject to debate, this link suggests that the bacterium’s presence somehow impacts the progression of IBDs by modifying the diversity of the gut microbiota, consequently altering local chemical profiles and disrupting the pattern of gut immune response. However, epidemiological evidence indicates a protective role of H. pylori infection against the onset of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, laboratory findings demonstrate H. pylori’s capacity to promote immune tolerance and restrict inflammatory reactions. The aim of this review is to elucidate the proposed mechanisms and confounding factors that underlie the potential association between H. pylori infection and IBDs.

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“…Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has an increased risk of develop CRC. The cumulative risk is dependent of the years with the disease 1%, 3%, and 7% at 10, 20, and 30 years, respectively, while, sporadic is the most common type of CRC [ 55 ]. However, some mutation and especially the need for a chronic inflammatory process are similar in both types.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies

Rodríguez-Santiago,

Garay-Canales,

Nava-Castro

et al. 2024

Biol Sex Differ

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Introduction Sexual dimorphism significantly influences cancer incidence and prognosis. Notably, females exhibit a lower risk and favorable prognosis for non-reproductive cancers compared to males, a pattern observable beyond the scope of risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption and smoking. Colorectal cancer, ranking third in global prevalence and second in mortality, disproportionately affects men. Sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogens and androgens, play crucial roles in cancer progression, considering epidemiological in vivo and in vitro, in general estrogens imparting a protective effect in females and androgens correlating with an increasing risk of colorectal cancer development. Main body The hormonal impact on immune response is mediated by receptor interactions, resulting in heightened inflammation, modulation of NF-kB, and fostering an environment conducive to cancer progression and metastasis. These molecules also influence the enteric nervous system, that is a pivotal in neuromodulator release and intestinal neuron stimulation, also contributes to cancer development, as evidenced by nerve infiltration into tumors. Microbiota diversity further intersects with immune, hormonal, and neural mechanisms, influencing colorectal cancer dynamics. A comprehensive understanding of hormonal influences on colorectal cancer progression, coupled with the complex interplay between immune responses, microbiota diversity and neurotransmitter imbalances, underpins the development of more targeted and effective therapies. Conclusions Estrogens mitigate colorectal cancer risk by modulating anti-tumor immune responses, enhancing microbial diversity, and curbing the pro-tumor actions of the sympathetic and enteric nervous systems. Conversely, androgens escalate tumor growth by dampening anti-tumor immune activity, reducing microbial diversity, and facilitating the release of tumor-promoting factors by the nervous system. These findings hold significant potential for the strategic purposing of drugs to fine-tune the extensive impacts of sex hormones within the tumor microenvironment, promising advancements in colorectal cancer therapies.

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, Surveillance, and Management

Cited by 19 publications

References 79 publications

Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) as a Prognostic and Predictive Score in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) as a Prognostic and Predictive Score in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Helicobacter pylori in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Active Protagonist or Innocent Bystander?

Sexual dimorphism in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies

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