Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A focus on the Role of Probiotics in Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a cluster of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by chronic inflammation and imbalance of the gut microbiota in a genetically vulnerable host. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) are well-known types of IBD, and due to its high prevalence, IBD has attracted the attention of researchers globally. The exact etiology of IBD is still unknown; however, various theories have been proposed to provide some explanatory clues that include gene-environment interactions and dysregulated immune response to the intestinal microbiota. These diseases are manifested by several clinical symptoms that depend on the affected segment of the intestine such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. In this era of personalized medicine, various options are developing starting from improved intestinal microecology, small molecules, exosome therapy, to lastly stem cell transplantation. From another aspect, and in parallel to pharmacological intervention, nutrition, and dietary support have shown effectiveness in IBD management. There is an increasing evidence supporting the benefit of probiotics in the prophylaxis and treatment of IBD. There are several studies that have demonstrated that different probiotics alleviate UC. The present review summarizes the progress in the IBD studies focusing and exploring more on the role of probiotics as a potential adjunct approach in UC management.

Melatonin‐Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Alleviated Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction by Reversing Phenotypic Modulation

“…Their research revealed that transplantation of sEVs derived from MT‐MSCs provided better protection against renal ischemia‐reperfusion injuries when compared to therapies using sEVs derived from MSCs. [ 16 ] In this study, we pretreated MSCs with melatonin and explored whether melatonin could enhance the therapeutic effects of sEVs on CNI ED. For the functional assessment, we found that MT‐EVs transplantation resulted in significantly higher levels of ICPmax/MAP and total ICP/MAP than NC‐EVs transplantation.…”

“…[ 14,15 ] Some studies reported that melatonin could significantly improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs‐derived sEVs in some diseases; for instance, the transplantation of sEVs derived from MSCs (preconditioned with melatonin) showed better protection against renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats. [ 16 ] Liu et al. reported that sEVs derived from melatonin‐stimulated MSCs showed enhanced diabetic wound healing when compared to sEVs derived from traditional MSCs.…”

Enhanced Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Thiolated Chitosan-Encapsulated Nisin and Selenium Nanoparticles: A Potential Nanotechnology-Based Solution for Antibiotic- Resistant Bacterial Infections

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains and the peptides they are linked with have the ability to modify the immunological response of the host by affecting the generation of cytokines that contribute to the process of modulating and stimulating immune cells. By increasing interleukin IL-10 production and/or reducing proin ammatory cytokine levels, they can have immunomodulatory effects (39). Kindrachuk et al (40) showed that treatment with nisin Z up to 150 μg/mL stimulated the synthesis of MCP-1, growth-regulated oncogene-alpha (Gro-α), and IL-8 chemokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a concentration-dependent manner while having no effect on the production of pro-in ammatory TNF-α by these cells.…”