Inflammatory and Procoagulant Cytokine Levels During Pregnancy as Predictors of Adverse Obstetrical Complications

Abstract

Analysis of the maternal plasma for elevated IL-6 and reduced IL-10 levels may be of value in the early prediction of pregnancy complications.

Modulation of Helper T Cytokines in Thymus during Early Pregnancy in Ewes

“…However, there was a decline on day 25 of gestation (Figure 1 and Figure 2). It is reported that IL-6 level of maternal plasma is elevated in preterm delivery women during gestation [44], and high serum IL-6 level is associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension in pregnant women [45], which is consistent with our results that there is a decline of IL-6 on day 25 of gestation in ewes.…”

Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters and Local and Systemic Levels of Osteoactive and B‐Cell Stimulatory Factors in Gestational Diabetes in the Presence or Absence of Gingivitis

“…Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α and IL‐6, and chemokines, such as IL‐8, have been suggested to play key roles in pregnancy outcomes 44 . In particular, IL‐6 and IL‐8 were associated with spontaneous preterm birth 45 .…”

First trimester interleukin‐6 levels help to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in both thyroid autoantibody positive and negative patients

“…suggested that IL‐6 might be a crucial factor in the maternal host response as a result of significantly higher levels of IL‐6 in patients with second trimester abortion . As systemic inflammation has been proposed to be responsible for preterm delivery (PTD) and the preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), various cytokines, including IL‐6, have been already studied in different specimens, such as maternal plasma/serum, cervicovaginal and amniotic fluid, and has been found to be both associated and predictive for these adverse pregnancy outcomes . In autoimmune diseases, including Grave's disease, the role of antibodies is known to be T‐cell mediated .…”

“…15 As systemic inflammation has been proposed to be responsible for preterm delivery (PTD) and the preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), various cytokines, including IL-6, have been already studied in different specimens, such as maternal plasma/serum, cervicovaginal and amniotic fluid, and has been found to be both associated and predictive for these adverse pregnancy outcomes. [16][17][18][19] In autoimmune diseases, including Grave's disease, the role of antibodies is known to be T-cell mediated. 20 A study by Nielsen et al recently indicated that TPO-Abs enhanced the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-γ, from phagocytic cells in a dose dependent manner, suggesting a possible role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.…”