Inflammation mechanism and anti-inflammatory therapy of dry eye

Chu, Liyuan; Wang, Caiming; Zhou, Hongyan

doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1307682

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 147 publications

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“…The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB), which follow ROS-induced lipid peroxidation and occur in response to cellular stresses, leads to the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and MMP-9 [16,47]. In ocular tissues, this inflammatory setting induces the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with the release of additional proinflammatory cytokines, causing epithelial cell damage [48]. Furthermore, activated APCs induce an adaptive immune response, rendering inflammation in DED more susceptible to exacerbation [11].…”

Section: Relationship Between Oxidative Stress and Dedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease—Oxidative Stress

Bu,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition affecting the ocular surface. It is characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis and accompanied by ocular symptoms that may potentially result in damage to the ocular surface and even vision loss. Unmodifiable risk factors for DED mainly include aging, hormonal changes, and lifestyle issues such as reduced sleep duration, increased screen exposure, smoking, and ethanol consumption. As its prevalence continues to rise, DED has garnered considerable attention, prompting the exploration of potential new therapeutic targets. Recent studies have found that when the production of ROS exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system on the ocular surface, oxidative stress ensues, leading to cellular apoptosis and further oxidative damage. These events can exacerbate inflammation and cellular stress responses, further increasing ROS levels and promoting a vicious cycle of oxidative stress in DED. Therefore, given the central role of reactive oxygen species in the vicious cycle of inflammation in DED, strategies involving antioxidants have emerged as a novel approach for its treatment. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and DED, thereby providing directions to explore innovative therapeutic approaches for this complex ocular disorder.

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Section: Relationship Between Oxidative Stress and Dedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease—Oxidative Stress

Bu,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Molecular mechanisms of Buqing granule for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation

Yang,

Yuan,

et al. 2024

World J Diabetes

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BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Its blindness rate is high; therefore, finding a reasonable and safe treatment plan to prevent and control DR is crucial. Currently, there are abundant and diverse research results on the treatment of DR by Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine compounds are potentially advantageous for DR prevention and treatment because of its safe and effective therapeutic effects. AIM To investigate the effects of Buqing granule (BQKL) on DR and its mechanism from a systemic perspective and at the molecular level by combining network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. METHODS This study collected information on the drug targets of BQKL and the therapeutic targets of DR for intersecting target gene analysis and protein-protein interactions (PPI), identified various biological pathways related to DR treatment by BQKL through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, and preliminarily validated the screened core targets by molecular docking. Furthermore, we constructed a diabetic rat model with a high-fat and high-sugar diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection, and administered the appropriate drugs for 12 weeks after the model was successfully induced. Body mass and fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured, and pathological changes in retinal tissue were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. ELISA was used to detect the oxidative stress index expression in serum and retinal tissue, and immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and western blotting were used to verify the changes in the expression of core targets. RESULTS Six potential therapeutic targets of BQKL for DR treatment, including Caspase-3, c-Jun, TP53, AKT1, MAPK1, and MAPK3, were screened using PPI. Enrichment analysis indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway might be the core target pathway of BQKL in DR treatment. Molecular docking prediction indicated that BQKL stably bound to these core targets. In vivo experiments have shown that compared with those in the Control group, rats in the Model group had statistically significant (P < 0.05) severe retinal histopathological damage; elevated blood glucose, lipid, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; increased Caspase-3, c-Jun, and TP53 protein expression; and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, ganglion cell number, AKT1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 protein expression. Compared with the Model group, BQKL group had reduced histopathological retinal damage and the expression of blood glucose and lipids, MDA level, Caspase-3, c-Jun and TP53 proteins were reduced, while the expression of SOD, GSH-Px level, the number of ganglion cells, AKT1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 proteins were elevated. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION BQKL can delay DR onset and progression by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulating Caspase-3, c-Jun, TP53, AKT1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway mediates these alterations.

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Inflammation mechanism and anti-inflammatory therapy of dry eye

Cited by 2 publications

References 147 publications

Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease—Oxidative Stress

Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease—Oxidative Stress

Molecular mechanisms of Buqing granule for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation

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