Inflammation Intensifies Monocrotaline-Induced Liver Injury

Abstract

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are the most common toxins of plant origin, and it is evident that PAs pollute soil, water, nearby plants, and derived foods. Cases of human poisoning due to ingestion of PA-contaminated foods have been reported in several countries. Monocrotaline (MCT) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid from the plants of Crotalaria genus that causes hepatic and cardiopulmonary toxicities, and the exhibition of the toxicities requires the metabolic activation by CYP3A4 to form electrophilic dehydro-monocrotaline (DHM). The present study demonstrated that myeloperoxidase (MPO) also participated in the bioactivation of MCT. N-Chloromonocrotaline was detected in both HClO/MCT incubations and MPO/H2O2/MgCl2/MCT incubations. DHM-derived N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates were detected in the above incubations fortified with NAC. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mice resulted in an elevated level of hepatic MPO activity, increased metabolic activation of MCT, and intensified elevation of serum ALT and AST activity induced by MCT. MPO inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide was found to reverse these alterations. Mpo-KO mice were resistant to the observed potentiating effect of inflammation on MCT-induced liver injury. In conclusion, inflammation intensified MCT-induced liver injury. MPO participated in the observed potentiating effect of inflammation on the hepatotoxicity induced by MCT.

Study on the Protective Effect and Mechanism of Umbilicaria esculenta Polysaccharide in DSS-Induced Mice Colitis and Secondary Liver Injury

“…The data showed hepatomegaly, hepatocellular necrosis, hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased hepatic ALT and AST activity. It is an early sign of cirrhosis . LPS plays a significant part in the progression of liver damage.…”

“…It is an early sign of cirrhosis. 38 LPS plays a significant part in the progression of liver damage. In the pathological state, the hepatic circulatory function is diminished.…”

Review on carbon dots: Synthesis and application in biology field

“…The CDCNs were revealed to have superior photoelectrochemical properties relative to pristine g-C3N4 for the photocatalytic degradation of the food dye sunset yellow (SY) under visible light. [39] One of the most outstanding advantages of hydrothermal method is that it can retain the functional groups and activity of the precursor to a greater extent. Therefore, it is widely used in the preparation of functional CDs.…”