Inflammation in coronary artery disease-clinical implications of novel HDL-cholesterol–related inflammatory parameters as predictors

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammation and atherosclerotic plaques are the primary pathological mechanisms of CAD. Upon stimulation by deposited lipids and damaged endothelium, innate and adaptive immune cells are activated and recruited to initiate plaque development. Therefore, inflammatory cells and mediators are used to identify inflammatory risk in CAD patients. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory roles in atherosclerosis by interfering with plasma membrane lipid rafts of immune cells. Based on this, novel inflammatory parameters such as monocyte to HDL-C ratio are explored to improve the risk estimation of CAD prognosis. Moreover, with the advance in treatment strategies targeting the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, identifying CAD patients with increased inflammatory risk by novel inflammatory parameters is of great importance in guiding CAD management.Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current information regarding inflammatory activation and HDL-C in atherosclerosis with a particular focus on the clinical implication of the novel HDL-C-related inflammatory parameters in CAD.

Estimation of hematological parameters and lipid profile of coronary artery disease patients with Helicobacter pylori

“…The results of the current study, Table (4), indicated that there was a decrease in the level of high-density lipoprotein in the first and second groups compared with the third group, but it was not statistically significant. These results are consistent with the study [39] and the study of [40], The low level of high-density lipoprotein may be due to several reasons, either due to diabetes [41] or cigarette smoking [42] or due to inflammatory factors [43]. Also, women who use oral contraceptives that contain progestin [44] have low HDL cholesterol.…”

Serum Apolipoprotein-A2 Levels Are a Strong Predictor of Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

“…Several reports have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL-C through its interaction with immune cells. 35 HDL-C suppresses the expression of adhesion molecules on monocytes and inhibits their recruitment into the vessel wall. 36,37 HDL-C also promotes the differentiation of monocytes into M2 macrophages and contributes to the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

“…Apo(a) undergoes oxidation and partial proteolysis by metalloproteinases, which contribute to the development of an atheromatous plaque. Recent review publications, such as those by Mehta (2022) [402], Lu (2022) [403], Di Giovanni (2023) [404], Ronda (2023) [405], Bellot (2023) [406], Guo (2023) [407], Močnik (2023) [408], Kim (2023) [409], and Poznyak (2023) [410], have detailed the pathogenetic role of impaired Lp metabolism in atherogenesis. It has been shown that all Lp-containing apoB-100 is associated with atherosclerosis.…”