Inflammation and the dimensions of depression: A review

Majd, Marzieh; Saunders, Erika F.H.; Engeland, Christopher G.

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100800

Cited by 140 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…There was substantial overlap between the symptoms whose expected influence (i.e., difficulty concentrating, psychomotor difficulties) and symptom-symptom associations (primarily changes in appetite, anhedonia, psychomotor problems, and thoughts of death) were moderated by CRP in this study and symptoms associated with elevated CRP in previous work (Felger et al, 2016;Krogh et al, 2014;Majd et al, 2020;Park and Kim, 2017). This suggests that CRP confers risk for these symptoms as well as modulates their role in the structure of depression symptoms; however, it is noteworthy that the strength of some symptom-symptom associations decreased as CRP increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Additionally, both difficulty concentrating and psychomotor problems had significantly higher expected influence in the elevated CRP group, suggesting that these symptoms are more central to the symptom structure of depression in individuals with elevated vs. normative levels of inflammation. The result with difficulty concentrating dovetails with research finding that CRP is associated with cognitive deficits (Krogh et al, 2014) and psychomotor problems (Majd et al, 2020). However, it is important to note that Krogh and colleagues (2014) only found an Moriarity et al 19 association between CRP and a couple of the cognitive measures they tested (specifically, trail making A (Fitzhugh et al, 1962) and design fluency (Fitzhugh et al, 1962)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Inflammatory phenotype of depression symptom structure: A network perspective

Moriarity

Borkulo

Alloy

2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Inflammatory phenotype of depression symptom structure: A network perspective

Moriarity

Borkulo

Alloy

2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…For example, several studies have found associations between CRP and neurovegetative symptoms such as sleeping problems, fatigue, and changes in appetite (Jokela et al, 2016;Lamers et al, 2018;White et al, 2017). In fact, out of all inflammatory proteins, a recent review concluded that CRP was the most consistently associated with neurovegetative symptoms (Majd et al, 2020). However, it is important to note that some studies find that CRP is associated with neurovegetative profiles including increased appetite (Glaus et al, 2014;Hickman et al, 2014;Lamers et al, 2018;see Milaneschi et al, 2020 for a review), and others find it is associated with scores featuring decreased appetite (Duivis et al, 2015;Elovainio et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How handling extreme C-reactive protein (CRP) values and regularization influences CRP and depression criteria associations in network analyses

Moriarity

Horn

Kautz

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Increasingly, it has been recognized that analysis at the symptom, rather than diagnostic, level will drive progress in the field of immunopsychiatry. Network analysis offers a useful tool in this pursuit with the ability to identify associations between immune markers and individual symptoms, independent of all other variables modeled. However, investigation into how methodological decisions (i.e., including vs. excluding participants with C-reactive protein (CRP) > 10 mg/L, regularized vs. nonregularized networks) influence results is necessary to establish best practices for the use of network analysis in immunopsychiatry. In a sample of 3,464 adult participants from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset, this study found consistent support for associations between CRP and fatigue and changes in appetite and some support for additional CRP-criterion associations. Methodologically, results consistently demonstrated that including individuals with CRP > 10 mg/L and estimating nonregularized networks provided better estimates of these associations. Thus, we recommend the use of nonregularized networks in immunopsychiatry and inclusion of cases with CRP values > 10 mg/L when testing the association between CRP and depression criteria in preliminary analyses, unless contraindicated by the research question being tested. Additionally, results most consistently suggest that CRP is uniquely related to fatigue and changes in appetite, supporting their inclusion in an immunometabolic phenotype of depression. Finally, these associations suggest that fatigue and changes in appetite might be particularly receptive to anti-inflammatory treatments. However, future research with more nuanced measures is necessary to parse out whether appetite increases or decreases drive this association. Further, longitudinal research is an important next step to test how these relationships manifest over time.

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“…It is reasonable to suggest that there are many other factors that were outside of the scope of the present study that might have influenced these variables, such as the overall thermal load experienced from the wears completed, the types of wears completed (Watkins et al., 2019b), level of smoke/particulate exposure, stress levels of participants, and the use by FSIs of hydration guidance, clothing (Watkins & Richardson, 2017) and pre/post cooling interventions (Watkins, Hayes, Watt, & Richardson, 2018b) for each wear performed. Stress, anxiety and depression have also previously been associated with systemic inflammation (Majd, Saunders, & Engeland, 2019; Renna, O'Toole, Spaeth, Lekander, & Mennin, 2018) but were not measured in the present study. It is unknown whether levels of these psychological conditions differ between FFs and FSIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Extreme occupational heat exposure is associated with elevated haematological and inflammatory markers in Fire Service Instructors

Watkins

Hayes

Watt

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

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Fire Service Instructors (FSIs) experience ∼10 times more fire exposures than firefighters (FFs), and the increased physiological stress from this potentially puts them at risk of ill health and future cardiac events. The aim of the study was to establish whether FSIs exhibit elevated biomarkers associated with cardiac event risk, identify whether FSIs experience systemic inflammation linked to the frequency of fire exposure and evaluate a proposed exposure limit of nine exposures per month. Blood samples were collected from 110 Fire Service personnel (mean ± SD, age,44 ± 7 years; height, 178.1 ± 7.1 cm; and body mass, 84.3 ± 12.0 kg; FSIs n = 53 and FFs n = 57) for biomarker analysis. Work history details were collected from all participants. Participants with biomarker concentrations above healthy reference ranges were classified as being 'at risk'. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, cardiac troponin T, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 , C-reactive protein and immunoglobulin G were greater in FSIs than in FFs (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 18.8% of IL-6, 24.9% of IL-1 , 29.2% of C-reactive protein and 10.9% of immunoglobulin G variance could be explained by the number of exposures to heat per month. Odds ratios revealed that those FSIs above the nine per month exposure limit were six to 12 times more likely to be classified as 'at risk' and were 16 times more likely to experience symptoms of ill health. Increased cytokine levels suggest that FSIs experience systemic inflammation, which is related to symptoms of ill health. We propose that an exposure limit could reduce the prevalence of these biomarker risk factors and ill health.

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Inflammation and the dimensions of depression: A review

Cited by 140 publications

References 93 publications

Inflammatory phenotype of depression symptom structure: A network perspective

Inflammatory phenotype of depression symptom structure: A network perspective

How handling extreme C-reactive protein (CRP) values and regularization influences CRP and depression criteria associations in network analyses

Extreme occupational heat exposure is associated with elevated haematological and inflammatory markers in Fire Service Instructors

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